<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-2738</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de ingeniería química]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Mex. Ing. Quím]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-2738</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-27382015000300022</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estudio de adsorción competitiva de cobre y zinc en solución acuosa utilizando Q/PVA/EGDE]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Competitive adsorption study of copper and zinc in aqueous solution using Q/PVA/EGDE]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores-Alamo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solache-Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Gaitán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Facultad de Química ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Metepec Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares Departamento de Química ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México Distrito Federal]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>801</fpage>
<lpage>811</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-27382015000300022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-27382015000300022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-27382015000300022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En la presente investigación se estudió la capacidad de remoción de cobre y zinc en solución acuosa utilizando un nuevo material a base de quitosano y poli (vinil alcohol), entrecruzado con etilenglicol diglicidil éter. Los espectros de IR mostraron la interacción de los grupos funcionales y los metales, mediante el corrimiento de las bandas correspondientes a los grupos amino e hidroxilo responsables de remover a estos metales mediante la formación de complejos. Los resultados cinéticos para el cobre en solución mono y bicomponente (también zinc) se ajustaron mejor al modelo de pseudo-segundo orden mientras que los de zinc se ajustaron mejor al modelo de pseudo-primer orden. Experimentos de equilibrio en batch permitieron determinar una adsorción máxima de Cu (II) de 297 y 1345 mg/g, en soluciones mono y bicomponente, la presencia de Zn (II) aumento la eficiencia de remoción de Cu (II). Mientras que la máxima adsorción de Zn (II) fue de 508 y 574 mg/g, respectivamente. La energía de adsorción mostró que la fisisorción fue el mecanismo predominante con Zn (II) y que el del Cu (II) se aproxima a quimisorción. El material mostró buena capacidad para la remoción de Cu (II) y Zn (II) en solución acuosa mono y bicomponente.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this study, a new material of chitosan and poli(vinyl alcohol) crosslinked with ethylene glycol diglicidyl ether, was used to remove copper and zinc from aqueous solution. FT-IR/ATR spectroscopy analyses for adsorbent showed that the presence of reactive amine and hydroxyl groups may be responsible of heavy metal removal. Pseudo-second and pseudo-first order rate equations could explain respectively the (Cu (II) and Zn (II) kinetic data in single and binary metal solutions. The adsorbent was used in batch experiments to evaluate the adsorption capacity of Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions in single and binary metal solutions. In single and binary solutions the maximum adsorption capacities for Cu (II) ions, obtained experimentally, were 29)7 and 1345 mg/g, respectively. While Zn (II) maximum adsorption were 508 and 574 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption isotherms for binary solutions showed that the presence of Zn (II) increased Cu (II) adsorption, that is, the adsorbent was selective towards Cu (II) rather than Zn (II). The adsorption energy shown that the predominant mechanism on Zn (II) adsorption was physisorption and for Cu (II) its approaches to chemisorption. The material has good ability for Cu (II) and Zn (II) removal from single and binary solution.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[quitosano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[entrecruzamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Langmuir]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[adsorción competitiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[energía de adsorción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chitosan]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[crosslinked]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Langmuir]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[competitive adsorption]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adsorption energy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Materiales</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>      <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Estudio de adsorci&oacute;n competitiva de cobre y   zinc en soluci&oacute;n acuosa utilizando Q/PVA/EGDE </b></font></p>      <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="3"><b>Competitive adsorption study of copper and zinc in aqueous solution using  Q/PVA/EGDE</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>      <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>N. Flores&#45;Alamo<sup>1, 2, 3</sup>, M. J. Solache&#45;R&iacute;os<sup>3</sup>, R.M. G&oacute;mez&#45;Espinosa<sup>1</sup>, B. Garc&iacute;a&#45;Gait&aacute;n<sup>2</sup>*</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1</sup> Universidad Aut&oacute;noma del Estado de M&eacute;xico, Facultad de Qu&iacute;mica, Paseo Col&oacute;n y Tollocan S/N., C.P. 50000 Toluca, Estado de M&eacute;xico, M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>2</sup> Instituto Tecnol&oacute;gico de Toluca, Av. Instituto Tecnol&oacute;gico S/N, C.P. 52140, Metepec, Estado de M&eacute;xico, M&eacute;xico.</i></font> <font face="verdana" size="2"><i>* Autora para la correspondencia. </i>E&#45;mail: <a href= "mailto:beatrizggmx@yahoo.com">beatrizggmx@yahoo.com</a> Tel./ Fax +52 7222087224.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i> <sup>3</sup> Instituto Nacional de   Investigaciones Nucleares, Departamento de Qu&iacute;mica, CP. 11801 M&eacute;xico, D.F., M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"> Recibido 7 de abril,   2015;    <br> Aceptado 2 de noviembre, 2015.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En la presente investigaci&oacute;n se estudi&oacute; la capacidad de remoci&oacute;n de cobre y zinc en soluci&oacute;n acuosa utilizando un nuevo material a base de quitosano y poli (vinil alcohol), entrecruzado con etilenglicol diglicidil &eacute;ter. Los espectros de IR mostraron la interacci&oacute;n de los grupos funcionales <i>y</i> los metales, mediante el corrimiento de las bandas correspondientes a los grupos amino e hidroxilo responsables de remover a estos metales mediante la formaci&oacute;n de complejos. Los resultados cin&eacute;ticos para el cobre en soluci&oacute;n mono y bicomponente (tambi&eacute;n zinc) se ajustaron mejor al modelo de pseudo&#45;segundo orden mientras que los de zinc se ajustaron mejor al modelo de pseudo&#45;primer orden. Experimentos de equilibrio en batch permitieron determinar una adsorci&oacute;n m&aacute;xima de Cu (II) de 297 y 1345 mg/g, en soluciones mono y bicomponente, la presencia de Zn (II) aumento la eficiencia de remoci&oacute;n de Cu (II). Mientras que la m&aacute;xima adsorci&oacute;n de Zn (II) fue de 508 y 574 mg/g, respectivamente. La energ&iacute;a de adsorci&oacute;n mostr&oacute; que la fisisorci&oacute;n fue el mecanismo predominante con Zn (II) y que el del Cu (II) se aproxima a quimisorci&oacute;n. El material mostr&oacute; buena capacidad para la remoci&oacute;n de Cu (II) y Zn (II) en soluci&oacute;n acuosa mono y bicomponente.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave:</b> quitosano, entrecruzamiento, Langmuir, adsorci&oacute;n competitiva, energ&iacute;a de adsorci&oacute;n. </font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">In this study, a new material of chitosan and poli(vinyl alcohol) crosslinked with ethylene glycol diglicidyl ether, was used to remove copper and zinc from aqueous solution. FT&#45;IR/ATR spectroscopy analyses for adsorbent showed that the presence of reactive amine and hydroxyl groups may be responsible of heavy metal removal. Pseudo&#45;second and pseudo&#45;first order rate equations could explain respectively the (Cu (II) and Zn (II) kinetic data in single and binary metal solutions. The adsorbent was used in batch experiments to evaluate the adsorption capacity of Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions in single and binary metal solutions. In single and binary solutions the maximum adsorption capacities for Cu (II) ions, obtained experimentally, were 29)7 and 1345 mg/g, respectively. While Zn (II) maximum adsorption were 508 and 574 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption isotherms for binary solutions showed that the presence of Zn (II) increased Cu (II) adsorption, that is, the adsorbent was selective towards Cu (II) rather than Zn (II). The adsorption energy shown that the predominant mechanism on Zn (II) adsorption was physisorption and for Cu (II) its approaches to chemisorption. The material has good ability for Cu (II) and Zn (II) removal from single and binary solution.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"> <b>Keywords: </b>chitosan,   crosslinked, Langmuir, competitive adsorption, adsorption   energy.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmiq/v14n3/v14n3a22.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Agradecimientos</b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El primer autor agradece el apoyo al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog&iacute;a (CONACYT) por la beca otorgada (No. 34194) para cursar el doctorado en Ciencias Qu&iacute;micas dentro del programa de doctorado de la Universidad Aut&oacute;noma del Estado de M&eacute;xico, incluido en el padr&oacute;n de Postgrados de Excelencia. Adem&aacute;s, los autores agradecen el apoyo al Tecnol&oacute;gico Nacional de M&eacute;xico (proyecto 4625.12&#45;P) y al CONACYT (Proyecto 131174Q).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Referencias</b></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Al&#45;Assady, N. A., Jabir, H. A. (2011). Preparation, Characterization, and Diltiazem HCl Release Study of Chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) Microspheres. <i>National Journal of Chemistry 41,</i> 113&#45;126</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590411&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Al&#45;Anber, Z. A., Al&#45;Anber, M. A. (2008). Thermodynamics and kinetic studies of iron (III) adsorption by olive cake in a batch system. <i>Journal of Mexican Chemical Society 52,</i> 108&#45;115.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590412&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Babel, S., Kurniawan, T. A. (2003). Low&#45;cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: a review. <i>Journal of Hazardous Materials 97,</i> 219&#45;243.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590414&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Bailey, S. E., Olin, T. J., Bricka, R. M., Adrian, D. D. (1999). A review of potentially low&#45;cost sorbents for heavy metals. <i>Water Research 33,</i> 2469&#45;2479.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590416&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Chen, A. H., Liu, S. C., Chen, C. Y., Chen, C. Y. (2008). Comparative adsorption of Cu (II), Zn (II), and Pb (II) ions in aqueous solution on the crosslinked chitosan with epichlorohydrin. <i>Journal of Hazardous Materials 154,</i> 184&#45;191.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590418&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Coates, J. (2000). Interpretation of infrared spectra, a practical approach. <i>Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590420&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></i></font></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Dalida, M. L. P., Mariano, A. F. V., Futalan, C. M., Kan, C. C., Tsai, W. C., Wan, M. W. (2011). Adsorptive removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions using non&#45;crosslinked and crosslinked chitosan&#45;coated bentonite beads. <i>Desalination 275,</i> 154&#45;159.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590422&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Dubinin, M. (1960). The potential theory of adsorption of gases and vapors for adsorbents with energetically nonuniform surfaces. <i>Chemical Reviews 60,</i> 235&#45;241.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590424&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Ho, Y. S., McKay, G. (1998). A comparison of chemisorption kinetic models applied to pollutant removal on various sorbents. <i>Process Safety and Environmental Protection 76,</i> 332340.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590426&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Ho, Y. S., McKay, G. (1999). Pseudo&#45;second order model for sorption processes. <i>Process Biochemistry 34,</i> 451&#45;465.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590428&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Ho, Y. S. (2004). Pseudo&#45;isotherms using a second order kinetic expression constant. <i>Adsorption 10,</i> 151&#45;158.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590430&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Ho, Y. S. (2006). Isotherms for the sorption of lead onto peat: comparison of linear and non&#45;linear methods. <i>Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 15,</i> 81&#45;86.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590432&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Ho, Y. S. (2006). Review of second&#45;order models for adsorption systems. <i>Journal of Hazardous Materials 136, </i>681&#45;689.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590434&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Huheey, J. E., Keiter, E. A., Keiter, R. L. (1997). Qu&iacute;mica inorg&aacute;nica. <i>Principios de Estructura y Reactividad,</i> 4.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590436&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Helios, K., Wysokiski, R., Pietraszko, A., Michalska, D. (2011). Vibrational spectra and reinvestigation of the crystal structure of a polymeric copper (II)orotate complex, &#91;Cu (&#956;&#45;HOr)(H<sub>2</sub>O) 2&#93;n: The performance of new DFT methods, M06 and M05&#45;2X, in theoretical studies. <i>Vibrational Spectroscopy 55,</i> 207&#45;215.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590438&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Koyano, T., Koshizaki, N., Umehara, H., Nagura, M., Minoura, N. (2000). Surface states of PVA/chitosan blended hydrogels. <i>Polymer 41,</i> 4461&#45;4465.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590440&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Li, L., Liu, F., Jing, X., Ling, P., Li, A. (2011). Displacement mechanism of binary competitive adsorption for aqueous divalent metal ions onto a novel IDA&#45;chelating resin: Isotherm and kinetic modeling. <i>Water Research 45,</i> 1177&#45;1188.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590442&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Milosavljevi&#263;, N. B., Risti&#263;, M. D., Peri&#263;&#45;Gruji&#263;, A., Filipovi&#263;, J. M., 		&#352;trbac, S. B., Rako&#269;evi&#263;, Z. L., Kru&#353;i&#263;, M. T. K. (2011). Sorption of zinc by novel pH&#45;sensitive hydrogels based on chitosan, itaconic acid and methacrylic acid. <i>Journal of Hazardous Materials 192,</i> 846&#45;854.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590444&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200018&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Modrzejewska, Z., Dorabialska, M., Zarzycki, R., Wojtasz&#45;Pajk, A. (2009). The mechanism of sorption of Ag<sup>+</sup> ions on chitosan microgranules: IR and NMR studies. <i>Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives 14,</i> 49&#45;64.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590446&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200019&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Nieto, J. M., Peniche&#45;Covas, C., Del Bosque, J. (1992). Preparation and characterization of a chitosan&#45;Fe (III) complex. <i>Carbohydrate Polymers 18,</i> 221&#45;224.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590448&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200020&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Kumar, M. N. R. (2000). A review of chitin and chitosan applications. <i>Reactive and Functional Polymers 46,</i> 1&#45;27.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590450&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200021&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Piron, E., Domard, A. (1998). Interaction between chitosan and uranyl ions. Part 2. Mechanism of interaction. <i>International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 22,</i> 33&#45;40.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590452&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200022&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Pinto, G. J. J. (2008). Nuevas alternativas para la simplificaci&oacute;n y mejora de la metodolog&iacute;a de an&aacute;lisis de metales pesados en muestras ambientales, <i>Tesis de Doctor en Ciencias Qu&iacute;micas,</i> Universidad de C&aacute;diz.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590454&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200023&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Volesky, B. (2001). Detoxification of metal&#45;bearing effluents: biosorption for the next century. <i>Hydrometallurgy 59,</i> 203&#45;216.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590456&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200024&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Tang, L. G., Hon, D. N. S. (2001). Chelation of chitosan derivatives with zinc ions. II. Association complexes of Zn<sup>2</sup>+ </font><font face="verdana" size="2">onto O, N&#45;carboxymethyl chitosan. <i>Journal of Applied Polymer Science 79,</i> 1476&#45;1485.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590458&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200025&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Wang, J., Chen, C. (2009). Biosorbents for   heavy metals removal and their future. <i>Biotechnology Advances 27,</i> 195&#45;226.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590460&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200026&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Ngah, W. W., Endud, C. S., Mayanar, R. (2002). Removal of copper (II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan and cross&#45;linked chitosan beads. <i>Reactive and Functional Polymers 50,</i> 181&#45;190.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590462&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200027&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Ngah, W. W., Kamari, A., Koay, Y. J. (2004). Equilibrium and kinetics studies of adsorption of copper (II) on chitosan and chitosan/PVA beads. <i>International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 34,</i> 155&#45;161.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590464&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200028&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Ngah, W. W., Teong, L. C., Hanaflah, M. A. K. M. (2011). Adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions by chitosan composites: A review. <i>Carbohydrate Polymers 83,</i> 1446&#45;1456.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590466&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200029&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Wang, A., Zhou, J., Yu, X. (2000). Coordination of fully deacetylated chitosan with Zn (II) ions. <i>Acta Polymerica Sinica 6,</i> 005.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590468&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200030&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Wang, X., Du, Y., Liu, H. (2004). Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of chitosan&#45;Zn complex. <i>Carbohydrate Polymers 56,</i> 21&#45;26.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590470&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200031&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Yuan, Y., Chesnutt, B. M., Haggard, W. O., Bumgardner, J. D. (2011). Deacetylation of chitosan: Material characterization and in vitro evaluation via albumin adsorption and pre&#45;osteoblastic cell cultures. <i>Materials 4,</i> 1399&#45;1416.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590472&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200032&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Wang, J. (2012). Competitive adsorption of Pb (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) onto xanthate&#45;modifled magnetic chitosan. <i>Journal of Hazardous Materials 221,</i> 155&#45;161.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8590474&pid=S1665-2738201500030002200033&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Assady]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jabir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Preparation, Characterization, and Diltiazem HCl Release Study of Chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) Microspheres]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[National Journal of Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>113-126</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Anber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Anber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Thermodynamics and kinetic studies of iron (III) adsorption by olive cake in a batch system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Mexican Chemical Society]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>108-115</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Babel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurniawan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hazardous Materials]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<page-range>219-243</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bailey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bricka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adrian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A review of potentially low-cost sorbents for heavy metals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Water Research]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>2469-2479</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Comparative adsorption of Cu (II), Zn (II), and Pb (II) ions in aqueous solution on the crosslinked chitosan with epichlorohydrin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hazardous Materials]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>154</volume>
<page-range>184-191</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coates]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Interpretation of infrared spectra, a practical approach]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dalida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mariano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Futalan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Adsorptive removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions using non-crosslinked and crosslinked chitosan-coated bentonite beads]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Desalination]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>275</volume>
<page-range>154-159</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dubinin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The potential theory of adsorption of gases and vapors for adsorbents with energetically nonuniform surfaces]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemical Reviews]]></source>
<year>1960</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>235-241</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A comparison of chemisorption kinetic models applied to pollutant removal on various sorbents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Process Safety and Environmental Protection]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<page-range>332340</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Process Biochemistry]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>451-465</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pseudo-isotherms using a second order kinetic expression constant]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adsorption]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>151-158</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Isotherms for the sorption of lead onto peat: comparison of linear and non-linear methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Polish Journal of Environmental Studies]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>81-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Review of second-order models for adsorption systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hazardous Materials]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>136</volume>
<page-range>681-689</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huheey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keiter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keiter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Química inorgánica. Principios de Estructura y Reactividad]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<page-range>4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wysokiski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pietraszko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michalska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Vibrational spectra and reinvestigation of the crystal structure of a polymeric copper (II)orotate complex, [Cu (&#956;-HOr)(H2O) 2]n: The performance of new DFT methods, M06 and M05-2X, in theoretical studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vibrational Spectroscopy]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<page-range>207-215</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koyano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koshizaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Umehara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minoura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Surface states of PVA/chitosan blended hydrogels]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Polymer]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>4461-4465</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Displacement mechanism of binary competitive adsorption for aqueous divalent metal ions onto a novel IDA-chelating resin: Isotherm and kinetic modeling]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Water Research]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>1177-1188</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milosavljevi&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Risti&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peri&#263;-Gruji&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filipovi&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[&#352;trbac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rako&#269;evi&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kru&#353;i&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Sorption of zinc by novel pH-sensitive hydrogels based on chitosan, itaconic acid and methacrylic acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hazardous Materials]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>192</volume>
<page-range>846-854</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Modrzejewska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dorabialska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zarzycki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wojtasz-Pajk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The mechanism of sorption of Ag+ ions on chitosan microgranules: IR and NMR studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>49-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peniche-Covas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Bosque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Preparation and characterization of a chitosan-Fe (III) complex]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Carbohydrate Polymers]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>221-224</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. N. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A review of chitin and chitosan applications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reactive and Functional Polymers]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>1-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Interaction between chitosan and uranyl ions. Part 2. Mechanism of interaction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Biological Macromolecules]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>33-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nuevas alternativas para la simplificación y mejora de la metodología de análisis de metales pesados en muestras ambientales]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Volesky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Detoxification of metal-bearing effluents: biosorption for the next century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrometallurgy]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>203-216</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. N. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Chelation of chitosan derivatives with zinc ions. II. Association complexes of Zn2+onto O, N-carboxymethyl chitosan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Polymer Science]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<page-range>1476-1485</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Biosorbents for heavy metals removal and their future]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biotechnology Advances]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>195-226</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Endud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayanar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Removal of copper (II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan and cross-linked chitosan beads]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reactive and Functional Polymers]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>181-190</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Equilibrium and kinetics studies of adsorption of copper (II) on chitosan and chitosan/PVA beads]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Biological Macromolecules]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>155-161</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanaflah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A. K. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions by chitosan composites: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Carbohydrate Polymers]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>1446-1456</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Coordination of fully deacetylated chitosan with Zn (II) ions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Polymerica Sinica]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>005</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of chitosan-Zn complex]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Carbohydrate Polymers]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<page-range>21-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chesnutt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haggard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bumgardner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Deacetylation of chitosan: Material characterization and in vitro evaluation via albumin adsorption and pre-osteoblastic cell cultures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Materials]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>1399-1416</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Competitive adsorption of Pb (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) onto xanthate-modifled magnetic chitosan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hazardous Materials]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>221</volume>
<page-range>155-161</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
