Effect of Cr and Pb on the activity antioxidant enzymes in a cell suspension culture of Jatropha curcas

Efecto del Cr y Pb en la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes de un cultivo de células en suspensión de Jatropha curcas

A. Valadez-Villarreal^1,2, A. Maldonado-Magaña³, A. Bernabé-Antonio⁴, M.E. Estrada-Zúñiga⁵, A Román-Guerrero¹, F. Cruz-Sosa¹*

¹ Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186 Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, México D.F. * Corresponding author. E-mail: cuhp@xanum.uam.mx Tel. +52 (55) 5804 4714.

² Universidad Tecnológica de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, Km. 14+600, Col. Centro, CP. 86280, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México.

⁴ Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Carretera Guadalajara-Nogales, Col. Las Agujas, C.P. 45010, Zapopan, Jalisco, México.

⁵ Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus El Cerrillo, km. 15.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, C.P. 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México.

Received April 24, 2015;
Accepted October 27, 2015.

Abstract

Jatropha curcas is a tolerant and accumulator plant of heavy metals (HMs). Little is known about the mechanisms behind this ability. It is suggested that antioxidant enzymes might participate; however, there are no studies reporting the relationship between the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the presence of HMs in an in vitro cell suspension culture of J. curcas. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chromium (Cr) or lead (Pb) at 0.0 to 3.0 mM on the activity of three antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) through the growth of cell suspension cultures (CSC) of J. curcas. The activity displayed by those enzymes was statistically significant (P≤0.05) when Cr or Pb was used. The greatest enzymatic activity was noted at the first hour of culture for SOD and at five h for POX and CAT. After 192 h, the activity of these three enzymes decreased, which coincided with the exponential growth phase of the cell culture. The results indicated that there is a close relationship between the presence of Cr and Pb and SOD, CAT, and POX activities in a cell suspension culture of J. curcas, which can explain the plant's capability for tolerating and accumulating high concentrations of Cr and Pb.

Keywords: Jatropha curcas; cell cultures; heavy metal; chromium; lead; enzymatic activity.

Resumen

Jatropha curcas es una especie tolerante y acumuladora de metales pesados (HMs), pero poco se sabe sobre el mecanismo que le confiere esta habilidad. Se sugiere que las enzimas antioxidantes pueden ser partícipes; pero no hay reportes relacionandos a la actividad enzimática y HMs en cultivos de células en suspensión (CSC) de J. curcas. Se determinó el efecto del cromo (Cr) o plomo (Pb) (0.0 a 3.0 mM) sobre la actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes: superóxido dismutasa (SOD), catalasa (CAT) y peroxidasas (POX) en diferentes tiempos de crecimiento de CSC de J. curcas. Hubo diferencias significativas (P≤0.05) en la actividad de SOD, POD y CAT por la adición de Cr o Pb. La mayor actividad de SOD ocurrió durante la primera hora, y en POX o CAT se observó a las 5 h. Después de las 192 h, la actividad de todas las enzimas disminuyó, lo cual coincidió en el mayor crecimiento del cultivo celular Hubo una relación cercana entre el Cr o Pb y la actividad de SOD, POD y CAT, que podría relacionarse con la capacidad de J. curcas para acumular y tolerar altas concentraciones de Cr o Pb.

Palabras clave: Jatropha curcas; cultivo de células; metales pesados; cromo; plomo; actividad enzimática.

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