Enhancement of phenylethanoid glycosides biosynthesis in Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. Shoot cultures with cell wall oligosaccharides from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 3

Estimulación de la biosíntesis de los feniletanoides glicosilados en cultivos de brotes de Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. Con oligosacáridos de pared celular de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Raza 3

B.A. Cardenas-Sandoval¹, L. Bravo-Luna¹, K. Bermúdez-Torres¹, J.L. Trejo-Espino¹, A. Zamilpa², G. Trejo-Tapia ¹*

¹ Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, P. O. Box 24, 62730, Yautepec, Morelos, México. * Corresponding author. E-mail: gttapia@ipn.mx Tel.+52-735-39-420-20.

² Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No. 1, Col. Centro, Xochitepec, Morelos, 62790, México.

Received April 8, 2015;
Accepted July 14, 2015.

Abstract

Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are promising natural products for the treatment of chronic diseases because of their wide range of biological activities. Biotic stress as pathogen attack (fungi) may stimulate the synthesis of PhGs through activation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. (Orobanchaceae) in vitro cultures are alternative sources of PhGs, however in that conditions, cultures have a diminished synthesis of these compounds. To increase the yields of PhGs, the identification of factors affecting their biosynthesis is required. Here, weshow that elicitation with cell wall oligosaccharides (CWOs) from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 (Hyphomycetes) stimulates biosynthesis of PhGs by increasing the activity of PAL. Upon elicitation with CWOs (13 μg/mL) the production of PhGs was enhanced by 5-fold compared with untreated control. The maximum PAL activity in shoots cultured under CWOs elicitation were also increased. Elicitation did not affect the shoot growth (length and biomass) but induced chlorosis, and delayed root formation of C. tenuiflora shoots. Our results demonstrate that elicitation with CWOs increases PhGs biosynthesis in C. tenuiflora shoot culture.

Keywords: PAL, verbascoside, isoverbascoside, Castilleja tenuiflora, Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp licopersici race 3.

Resumen

Los feniletanoides glicosilados (FEGs) son sustancias naturales que pueden utilizarse para el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas debido a su amplia gama de actividades biológicas. Un estrés biótico como el ataque de patógenos (hongos) a plantas, puede estimular la síntesis de FEGs a través de la activación de la enzima fenilalanina amoníaco-liasa (PAL). Los brotes de Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. (Orobanchaceae) cultivados in vitro producen FEGs, sin embargo, en esas condiciones se presenta una disminución en la síntesis de estos compuestos. Para aumentar los rendimientos de los FEGs se requiere la identificación de los factores que afectan a su biosíntesis. En este trabajo se muestra que la elicitación con oligosacáridos de pared celular (OPCs) de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raza 3 (Hyphomycetes) estimula la biosíntesis de FEGs aumentando la actividad de la enzima PAL. La elicitación de los brotes de C. tenuiflora con OPCs (13 μg/mL), aumento la producción de FEGs 5 veces en comparación con el control y, provoco un aumento en la actividad máxima de la enzima PAL. Por otro lado, la elicitación no afectó el crecimiento de los brotes (longitud y biomasa), pero si indujo clorosis y retardo la formación de raíces. Nuestros resultados demuestran que la elicitación con OPCs incrementa la biosíntesis de FEGs en cultivos de brotes de C. tenuiflora.

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Acknowledgements

B.A. Cardenas-Sandoval is indebted to Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT-MÉXICO) and PIFI-IPN for the fellowship awarded as graduate student. Financial support from Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado del IPN (grant 20140231) and by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-México (grant 220007).

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