Moisture sorption properties and storage stability conditions of a nutraceutical system microencapsulated by spray drying
Propiedades de adsorción de humedad y condiciones de estabilidad en almacenamiento de un sistema nutracéutico microencapsulado por secado por aspersión
L.M.A. Pavón-García1, R. Gallardo-Rivera2, A. Román-Guerrero2, H. Carrillo-Navas1, 3, M.E. Rodríguez-Huezo4, A.Y. Guadarrama-Lezama1, C. Pérez-Alonso*
1 Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón esq. Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, C.P. 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, México. * Corresponding author. E-mail: cpereza@uaemex.mx Phone: +52 722 2173890; Fax: +52 722 2175109.
2 Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P 09340, México, D.F., México.
]]> 3 Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, CP. 09340, México, D.F., México.4 Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Estado de México, México.
Received March 18, 2015;
Accepted September 29, 2015.
Abstract
The adsorption isotherms of a nutraceutical system microencapsulated by spray drying were determined at 20, 35 and 40 °C. Experimental data of the isotherms were fitted using the GAB and Caurie models and the integral thermodynamic functions (enthalpy and entropy) were estimated by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The Kelvin and Halsey equations were adequate for calculation of pore radius which varied from 0.67 to 8.15 nm. The point of maximum stability (minimum integral entropy) was found between 3.61 and 3.81 kg H2O/100 kg d.s. (corresponding to water activity, aw, of 0.19-0.37). Enthalpy-entropy compensation for the microcapsules showed two isokinetic temperatures. The first isokinetic temperature was observed at low moisture contents (< 3.8t kg H2O/100 kg d.s.) and was controlled by changes in the entropy of water, whereas the second isokinetic temperature was considered to be enthalpy-driven (3.81-20 kg H2O/100 kg d.s.).
Keywords: sorption isotherms, pore radius, minimum integral entropy, enthalphy-entropy compensation, water activity.
]]> Resumen
Se determinaron las isotermas de adsorción de un sistema nutracéutico microencapsulado por secador por aspersión, a 20, 35 y 40°C. Los datos experimentales de las isotermas se ajustaron a los modelos de GAB y Caurie y las funciones termodinámicas integrales (entalpía y entropía) se estimaron con la ecuación de Clausius-Clapeyron. Las ecuaciones de Kelvin y Halsey se adecuaron para el cálculo del radio de poro, el cual se encontró de entre 0.67- 8.15 nm. El punto de máxima estabilidad (mínimo de entropía integral) se encontró entre 3.61 y 3.81 kg H2O/100 kg s.s. (correspondiente a la actividad de agua, aw, de 0.19-0.37). La compensación entalpía-entropía, presentó dos temperaturas isocinéticas. La primera temperatura isocinética, se encontró a bajo contenido de humedad (< 3.81 kg H2O/100 kg s.s.) y fue controlada por cambios en la entropía del agua, mientras que la segunda temperatura isocinética fue controlada por la entalpía (3.81-20 kg H2O/100 kg s.s.).
Palabras clave: isotermas de adsorción, radio de poro, mínimo de entropía integral, compensación entalpía-entropía, actividad de agua.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the financial support provided for this research by the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México through grant 3457/2013CHT. Author Pavón-García received a study grant from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT).
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