Caracterización hidrodinámica de un biorreactor anaerobio de membranas que depura aguas residuales con distintos niveles de aceites y grasas
Hydrodynamic characterization of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating wastewater with several oil and grease levels
C. Ramos, A. García y V. Diez*
Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Área de Ingeniería Química. Universidad de Burgos. Facultad de Ciencias. Pz. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, España. *Autor para la correspondencia. E-mail: vdiezb@ubu.es.
]]>Recibido 27 de octubre de 2014
Aceptado 6 de mayo de 2015
Resumen
La unidad de filtración de una planta piloto AnMBR fue aislada y operada con distintas proporciones de aceites y grasas, entre 0.25 y 1 g DQOsustrato/g SVfango. El proceso biológico fue monitorizado y el perfil de filtración de la membrana fue evaluado mediante un método de determinación de flujo crítico con una etapa de pre-compresión (PCCF), estudiando el ensuciamiento irreversible interno y externo y la eficacia de limpiezas tanto físicas como químicas de la membrana. No se observó efecto de inhibición en el proceso biológico pero para la relación mas alta, se observó una limitación en la digestión debido a la formación de precipitados de ácidos grasos de cadena larga. La resistencia debida al ensuciamiento externo irreversible representó hasta un 52% del total para la adición de grasa mas alta, mostrándose en todo caso compresible. Para el ensuciamiento irreversible interno, PCCF permitió detectar un ensuciamiento del efluente y de las conducciones de filtración por crecimiento biológico, al verse un descenso considerable de la resistencia al contralavado, de 1.57 a 0.81x1012 m-1, tras la limpieza de la línea de filtración. La limpieza química sumergida permitía recuperar prácticamente el 100% de la permeabilidad.
Palabras clave: reactores anaerobios de membrana (AnMBR), flujo crítico, aceites y grasas, ensuciamiento de membranas, ácidos grasos de cadena larga.
Abstract
The filtration unit of an AnMBR pilot plant was isolated and feed with different oil and grease concentrations, between 0.25 y 1 g DQOsubstrate/g SVsludge. The biological process was monitored and the membrane filtration profile was assessed by means of a critical flux method with pre-compression step (PCCF), studying internal and external irreversible fouling, also physical and chemical cleaning efficiencies. No inhibitory effects was found except for the highest S/X ratio, observing a digestion limitation due to long chain fatty acids precipitates. External irreversible fouling resistance was up to 52% of the total for the highest grease addition, in every case compressible. Regards to internal irreversible fouling, PCCF allowed detecting effluent and filtration tubing fouling by biological growth, from 1.57 to 0.81 x1012 m-1, after rinsing the filtration line. Submerged chemical cleaning nearly recovered 100% permeability.
]]> Keywords: anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR), critical flux, oil and grease, membrane fouling, long chain fatty acids.
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Agradecimientos
Los autores agradecen el apoyo financiero suministrado por la Junta de Castilla y León (Ref. BU194A11-2) y la inestimable colaboración de Pepsico Iberia (Acuerdo específico 12.1.12) y la concesión del proyecto LIFE ENV/ES/000779 para la demostración de esta tecnología. C. Ramos agradece, además, a la Junta de Castilla y León y el Fondo Social Europeo (ORDEN EDU/1867/2009) por apoyar esta investigación.
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