Evaluación de almidones de malanga (Colocasia esculenta) como agentes coadyuvantes en la remoción de turbiedad en procesos de potabilización de agua
Evaluation of taro starches (Colocasia esculenta) as flocculant aids in turbidity removal for water treatment process
R. López-Vidal1, J.R. Laines-Canepa1*, J.R. Hernández-Barajas1 y M.A. Aparicio-Trápala2
1 Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas. Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas km 0.5 S/N, Bosques de Saloya, Villahermosa 86150, Tabasco, México. * Autor para la correspondencia. E-mail: : josra_2001@yahoo.com.mx Tel. y Fax: 99 33 54 43 08.
2 Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa km 25+2, La Huasteca 2da. Sección 86061, Tabasco, México.
]]>Recibido 2 de Febrero 2014.
Aceptado 1 de Agosto de 2014.
Resumen
En este estudio se propone el empleo de almidones modificados de malanga (Colocasia esculenta) como agentes coadyuvantes en el proceso de coagulación-floculación enfocado a la potabilización de agua. Con este propósito se sintetizarón tres tipos de almidones fisicoquímicamente modificados a partir del almidón nativo: fosfatado, entrecruzado y pregelatinizado. A partir de una prueba experimental estandarizada se evaluó la eficiencia de remoción de turbiedad y de color de estos agentes en muestras sintéticas representativas de aguas superficiales de Tabasco con una turbiedad inicial de 400 UNT. Los resultados de la evaluación indican que no existe diferencia significativa entre el empleo de almidón nativo en comparación con los almidones modificados y en referencia al nivel de remoción de turbiedad alcanzado. Al respecto, la remoción máxima de turbiedad fue de 95% utilizando 15 mg/L de almidón nativo combinado con 35mg/L de Al2(SO4)3. Por su parte, la remoción máxima de color fue de 99.2% dosificando 25 mg/L de almidón fosfatado de malanga con 25 mg/L de sulfato. En consecuencia, este estudio sugiere que el empleo de agentes ambientalmente amigables basados en almidones de malanga permitiría reducir las cantidades de Al2(SO4)3 típicamente dosificadas en el proceso de coagulación-floculación en plantas de tratamiento de agua.
Palabras clave: coagulación-floculación, potabilización, almidón, malanga, Colocasia esculenta.
Abstract
In this study the use of modified starches from taro (Colocasia esculenta) as aid agents in the coagulation-flocculation process focused on water treatment has been proposed. For this purpose, three types of physicochemically modified starches from native starch were synthesized: Phosphated, crosslinked and pregelatinized. Based on a standardized experimental test, the removal efficiency of turbidity and color in representative samples of Tabasco's surface waters with an initial turbidity of 400 UNT was evaluated. The results referred to the level of turbidity removal showed no significant difference between the use of native starch compared to modified starches. In this regard, the maximum turbidity removal was 95% using 15 mg/L of native starch combined with 35 mg/L of Al2(SO4)3. On the other hand, the maximum color removal of 99.2% was reached by using 25 mg/L of phosphated starch with 25 mg/L of sulfate. Accordingly, this study suggests that the use of environmentally friendly agents based on taro starches would reduce the amount of Al2(SO4)3 typically used in the coagulation-flocculation process in water treatment plants.
]]> Keywords: coagulation-flocculation, water treatment, starch, taro, Colocasia esculenta.
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Agradecimientos
Los autores agradecen a la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, especialmente por el financiamiento otorgado a través del Programa de Fomento a la Investigación y Consolidación de los Cuerpos Académicos (PFICA) Convocatoria 2011, Proyecto No. UJAT 2011 CA07-20.
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