Disminución de la capacidad de intercambio catiónico en una pila de combustible microbiana y su relación con la densidad de potencia
Reduction of cation exchange capacity in a microbial fuel cell and its relation to the power density
J.A. Domínguez-Maldonado1*, O. García-Rodríguez1, M. Aguilar-Vega2, M. Smit1, L. Alzate-Gaviria1
1 Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. (CICY). Mérida, Yucatán. Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200. México. Unidad de Energía Renovable. *Autor para la correspondencia. E-mail: Joe2@cicy.mx Tel. (52) 999 9428330, Fax (52) 999 981 39 00.
2 Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. (CICY). Mérida, Yucatán. Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP. 97200. México. Unidad de Materiales Poliméricos.
]]>Recibido 25 de Junio de 2013.
Aceptado 20 de Noviembre de 2013.
Resumen
Se realizó el diseño y construcción de una pila de combustible microbiana (PCM) tipo PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane), constituida por cuatro pares de cámaras con un volumen de 0.5 L cada una, separadas por una membrana de Nafion® 117. La celda fue monitoreada durante 122 días, utilizando agua residual sintética como fuente de carbono. La reducción de la capacidad de intercambio catiónico en la membrana, fue evaluada en dos fases: 1 y 2, la primera a los 43 días y la segunda a los 79 días. Los coeficientes de intercambio catiónico obtenidos en la fase 1 y fase 2 fueron 2.03 ×10-3 y 1.25 ×10-3 meq g-1 polímero, respectivamente, lo que indica una disminución en las propiedades de intercambio catiónico de la membrana en el tiempo. Los valores máximos de la densidad de potencia obtenidos fueron 325 y 97 mWm-3, respectivamente. La reducción de la potencia obtenida en la fase 2, se atribuyó a la pérdida de capacidad de intercambio catiónico, debido a incrustaciones de hierro y a la capa de depósito orgánico presentes en la membrana.
Palabras clave: capacidad de intercambio catiónico, membrana intercambiadora de protones, bioincrustación, pila de combustible microbiana, densidad de potencia.
Abstract
A PEM type Microbial Fuel Cell was designed and constructed. This cell consisted of four pairs of chambers with a volume of 0.5 L each one of them, separated by a Nafion®117 membrane. The cell was monitored during 122 days, using synthetic wastewater as carbon source. The reduction of cation exchange capacity in the membrane was evaluated in two phases: 1 and 2, the first one at 43 days and the second one at 79 days. The cationic exchange coefficients obtained were 2.03 ×10-3 and 1.25 ×10-3 meq g-1 polymer, for phase 1 and 2 respectively, indicating a decrease in the cation exchange properties in the membrane. The maximum obtained power densities were 325 and 97 mW.m-3, respectively. The reduction of power density at phase 2 was attributed to a decrease in the cation-exchange capacity by iron fouling and a formation of a biofouling layer in the membrane.
]]> Keywords: cation exchange capacity, proton exchange membrane, biofouling, microbial fuel cell, power density.
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Agradecimientos
Los autores agradecen al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) por el apoyo otorgado con el fondo de ciencia básica Sep-Conacyt con clave: 106416 para la realización de este proyecto. Agradecimiento al M. en C. Enrique Escobedo Hernández por el apoyo en la espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica.
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