Membranas porosas con estructura de panal formadas a partir de condensación de agua
Honeycomb structured membranes formed via water condensation
R. López-Simeon1, M.G. Abonce-Vázquez2, M. Hernández-Guerrero2*
1 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco 186 Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, México, D.F., México.
]]> 2 Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Delegación Cuajimalpa de Morelos, México, Distrito Federal, C.P. 05300. *Autora para la correspondencia. E-mail: mhernandez@correo.cua.uam.mx.
Recibido 16 de febrero de 2012.
Aceptado 29 de Noviembre de 2013.
Resumen
Para la fabricación de materiales micro y nano-estructurados, existen las técnicas descendentes o "top-down" y las técnicas ascendentes o "bottom-up". Estas técnicas de estructuración han sido ampliamente utilizadas, sin embargo las demandas de nuevos materiales han derivado en el desarrollo de técnicas más versátiles. Una de ellas, es la técnica de formación de membranas porosas con estructura de panal a partir de condensación de agua. Esta es una técnica ascendente de auto-ensamblado que presenta ventajas ante las técnicas convencionales para estructurar materiales porosos. En esta revisión se presentan los orígenes de la técnica, el mecanismo de formación de las membranas, las variables de proceso, así como también aspectos relevantes acerca de la caracterización de las membranas y sus aplicaciones actuales y propuestas.
Palabras clave: membranas porosas, condensación, materiales estructurados, autoensamblado, técnicas ascendentes.
Abstract
]]> "Top-down" and "bottom-up" techniques are used for the fabrication of micro and nano-structured materials. These structuring techniques have been widely used, however new and more versatile techniques have been developed in order to meet the requirements for new materials. One of these new techniques allows for the formation of honeycomb porous membranes through the use of water condensation. This is a "bottom-up" technique that has some advantages over the traditional methods to structure porous materials. In this review, we present aspects on the origin of the technique, the mechanism of formation of the membranes, the process variables, characterization of the membranes and their current and proposed applications.Keywords: porous membranes, condensation, structured materials, self-assembly, bottom-up techniques.
DESCARGAR ARTÍCULO EN FORMATO PDF
Agradecimientos
Las autoras agradecen financiamiento CONACYT (CB-134267) y PROMEP (UAM-PTC-140). Roxana López Simeon agradece el apoyo CONACYT (34852).
Referencias
Agarwal, G., Naik, R. R., and Stone, M. O. (2003). Immobilization of histidine-tagged proteins on nickel by electrochemical dip pen nanolithography. Journal of the American Chemical Society 125, 7408-12. [ Links ]
Ahn, H., Lee, K. J., Childs, W. R., Rogers, J. A., Nuzzo, R. G., Shim, A. (2006). Micron and submicron patterning of polydimethylsiloxane resists on electronic materials by decal transfer lithography and reactive ion-beam etching: application to the fabrication of high-mobility, thin-film transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 100, 084907. [ Links ]
Aitken, J. (1911). Breath Figures. Nature 86, 516-517. [ Links ]
Anderson C., Naulleau P. (2009). Do not always blame the photons: relationships between deprotection blur, line-edge roughness, and shot noise in extreme ultraviolet photoresists. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B 27, 665-670. [ Links ]
Anderson M., Tan L., Tanaka H., Mihok M., Lee H., Horn M., Weiss P. (2003). Advances in nanolithography using molecular rulers. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 21, 3116-3119. [ Links ]
Angus, S.D., Davis, T.P. (2002). Polymer Surface Design and Infomatics: Facile Microscopy/Image Analysis Techniques for Self-Organizing Microporous Polymer Film Characterization. Langmuir 18, 9547-9553. [ Links ]
Appaw, C., Gilbert, R.D., Khan, S. A. (2007). Viscoelastic Behavior of Cellulose Acetate in a Mixed Solvent System. Biomacromolecules 8, 1541-1547. [ Links ]
Barrow, M. S., Jones, R. L., Park, J. O., Srinivasarao, M., Williams, P. R., Wright, C. J. (2008). Studies of the Formation of Microporous Polymer Films in "Breath Figure" Condensation Processes. Spectroscopy (Amsterdam, Neth) 22, 21. [ Links ]
Bates, F. S., Fredrickson G. H. (1990). Block copolymer thermodynamics-theory and experiment. Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 41, 525-57. [ Links ]
Bennett, R. D., Hart, A. J., Miller, A. C., Hammond, P. T., Irvine, D. J., Cohen, R. E. (2006). Creating patterned carbon nanotube catalysts through the microcontact printing of block copolymer micellar thin films. Langmuir 22, 8273-6. [ Links ]
Bhattacharyya, S., Chattopadhyay S., Alexe M. (2003). Fabrication of isolated ferroelectric nanostructures. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 740, I.10.3.1. (2003). [ Links ]
Billon, L., Manguian, M., Pellerin, V., Joubert, M., Eterradossi, O., Garay, H. (2009). Tailoring Highly Ordered Honeycomb Films Based on Ionomer Macromolecules by the Bottom-Up Approach. Marcromolecules 42, 345-356. [ Links ]
Blanco, A., Chomski, E., Grabtchak, S., Ibisate, M., Jhon, S., Leonard, S. W., López, C., Meseguer, F., Miguez, H., Mondia, J. P., Ozin, G. A., Toader, O., Van Driel, H. M. (2000). Large-scale Synthesis of a Silicon Photonic Cristal with a Complete Three-dimensional Bandgap near 1.5 micrometres. Nature 405, 437-439. [ Links ]
Bogdanski N., Wissen M., Mollenbeck S., Scheer H. (2008). Polymers below the critical molecular weight for thermal imprint lithography. Microelectronic Engineering 85, 825-829. [ Links ]
Böker, A., Lin, Y., Chiapperini, K., Horowitz, R., Thompson, M., Carreon, V., Xu, T., Abetz, C., Skaff, Habib., Dinsmore, A. D., Emrick, T., Russell, T. P. (2004). Hierarchical Nanoparticle Assemblies Formed by Decorating Breath Figures. Nature 3, 302-306. [ Links ]
Bolognesi, A., Mercogliano, C., Yunus, S., Civardi, M., Comoretto, D., Turturro, A. (2005). Self-Organization of Polystyrenes into Ordered Microstructured Films and Their Replication by Soft Litography. Langmuir 21, 3480-3485. [ Links ]
Bormashenko, E., Musin, A., Bormashenko, Y., Whyman, G., Pogreb, R., Gendelman, O. (2007). Formation of Films on Water Droplets Floating on a Polymer Solution Surface, Macromol. Chemical Physics 208, 702-709. [ Links ]
Bormashenko, E., Pogreb, R., Stanevsky, O., Bormashenko, Y., Stein, T., Gaisin, VZ., Cohen, R., Gendelman, O.V. (2005). Mesoscopic Patterning in Thin Polymer Films Formed under the Fast Dip-Coating Process. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 290, 114-121. [ Links ]
Brambilla, G. (2007). Optical fibers go nano. Laser Focus World 43, 10 85-88. [ Links ]
Braunschweig, A. B., Senesi, A. J., Mirkin C. A. (2009). Redox-activating dip-pen nanolithography (RA-DPN). Journal of the American Chemical Society 131, 922-3. [ Links ]
Bunz, U. H. F. (2006). Breath Figures as a Dynamic Templating Method for Polymers and Nanomaterials. Advanced Materials 18, 973-989. [ Links ]
Cappella, B., Bonaccurso, E. (2007). Solvent-assisted nanolithography on polystyrene surfaces using the atomic force microscope. Nanotechnology 18, 155307. [ Links ]
Cedeño-Caero, L., Hernández-Vega, D., Ramírez-Solís, J. (2002). Caracterización De Catalizadores Para Hdt Soportados En Materiales Mesoporosos Modificados Con Ce, La y Sm. Revista Mexicana De Ingeniería Química 1, 111-117. [ Links ]
Chai J., Buriak J. (2008). Using cylindrical domains of block copolymers to self-assemble and align metallic nanowires. ACS Nano 2, 489-501. [ Links ]
Chen, P.-C., Wan, L.-S., Ke, B.-B., Xu, Z.-K. (2011). Honeycomb-patterned film segregated with phenylboronic acid for glucose sensing. Langmuir 27, 12597-12605. [ Links ]
Chen, R., Bent, S. F. (2006) Chemistry for positive pattern transfer using area-selective atomic layer deposition. Advanced Materials 18, 1086-90. [ Links ]
Cheng, J. Y., Mayes, A. M., Ross C. A. (2004). Nanostructure engineering by templated self-assembly of block copolymers. Nature Materials 3, 823-828. [ Links ]
Cheng, C., Tian, Y., Shi, Y., Tang, R., Xi, F. (2005). Ordered Honeycomb-Structured Films from Dendronized PMA-b-PEO Rod-Coil Block Copolymers. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 26, 1266-1272. [ Links ]
Chou S., Krauss P., Zhang W., Guo L., Zhuang L. (1997). Sub-10 nm imprint lithography and applications. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 15, 2897-2904. [ Links ]
Connal, L. A., Vestberg, R., Hawker, C. J., Qiao, G. G. (2008). Dramatic Morphology Control in the Fabrication of Porous Polymer Films. Advanced Functional Materials 18, 3706-3714. [ Links ]
Connal, L.A., Gurr, P.A., Qiao, G.G., Solomon, H. D. (2005). From Well Defined Star-microgels to Highly Ordered Honeycomb Films. Journal of Materials Chemistry 15, 1286-1292. [ Links ]
Connal, L.A., Qiao, G.G. (2006). Preparation of Porous Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Based Honeycomb Materials with Hierarchal Surface Features and Their Use as Soft-lithography Templates. Advanced Materials 18, 3024-3028. [ Links ]
Connal, L.A., Qiao, G.G. (2007). Honeycomb Coated Particles: Porous Doughnuts, Golf Balls and Hollow Porous Pockets. Soft Materials 3, 83, 837-839. [ Links ]
Connal, L.A. Franks, G.V., Qiao, G.G. (2010). Photochromic, Metal-absorbing Honeycomb Structures. Langmuir 26, 10397-10400. [ Links ]
Dameron, A. A., Mullen, T. J., Hengstebeck,R. W., Saavedra, H. M., Weiss, P. S. (2007). Origins of displacement in 1-adamantanethiolate self-assembled monolayers. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111, 6747-52. [ Links ]
Ding, L., Li, Y., Chu, H. B., Li, C. Q., Yang, Z. H., Zhou, W. W., Tang, Z. K. (2007). High speed atomic force microscope lithography driven by electrostatic interaction. Applied Physics Letters 91, 023121. [ Links ]
Dolog, I., Mallik, R. R., Lyuksyutov, S. F. (2007). Robust functionalization of amorphous cadmium sulfide films using z-lift amplitude modulated atomic force microscopy-assisted electrostatic nanolithography. Applied Physics Letters 90, 213111. [ Links ]
Dubček, P., Pivac, B., Miloševic, S., Krstulović, N., Kregar, Z., Bernstorff S. (2011). Pulsed laser ablation of GaAs using nano pulse length. Applied Surface Science 257, 5358-5361. [ Links ]
Dubois, E., Bubendorff, J. L. (2000). Kinetics of scanned probe oxidation: space-charge limited growth. Journal of Applied Physics 87, 8148-54. [ Links ]
Dusa M., Quaedackers J., Olaf F., Larsen A., Meessen J., Van der Heijden E., Dicker G., Wismans O., De Haas P, Van Ingen S., Finders J., Vleeming B, Storms G., Jaenen P, Cheng S., Maenhoudt M. (2007). Pitch doubling thorugh dual-patterning lithography challenges in integration and litho budgets. Proc. SPIE 6520 65200G. [ Links ]
Eck W., Stadler V., Geyer W., Zharnikov M., Golzhauser A., Grunze M. (2000). Generation of surface amino groups on aromatic selfassembled monolayers by low energy electron beams-a first step towards chemical lithography. Advanced Materials 12, 805-808. [ Links ]
Englert, B. C., Scholz, S., Leech, P. J., Srinivasarao, M., Bunz U. H. F. (2005). Templated Ceramic Microstructures by Using the Breaht-Figure Method. Chemical European Journal 11, 995-1000. [ Links ]
Escale, P., Save, M., Lapp, A., Rubatat, L., Billon, L. (2010). Hierarchical Structures Based on Self-assembled Diblock Copolymers within Honeycomb Micro-structured Porous Films. Soft Matter 6, 3202-3210. [ Links ]
Fan, D., Jia, X., Tang, P., Hao, J., Liu, T. (2007). Self-Patterning of Hydrophobic Materials into Highly Ordered Honeycomb Nanostructures at the Air/Water Interface. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 46, 3342-3345. [ Links ]
Ferrari. E., Fabbri. P., Pilati, F. (2011). Solvent and Substrate Contributions to the Formation of Breath Figure Patterns in Polystyrene Films. Langmuir 27, 1874-1881. [ Links ]
Fu, W. Y., Wong, K. K. Y., Choi, H. W. (2009). Close-packed hemiellipsoid arrays: a photonic band gap structure patterned by nanosphere lithography. Applied Physics Letters 95, 125 133. [ Links ]
Fukuhira, Y.; Ito, M.; Kaneko, H.; Sumi, Y.; Tanaka, M.; Yamamoto, S.; Shimomura, M. (2008). Prevention of postoperative adhesions by a novel honeycomb-patterned poly(lactide) film in a rat experimental mode. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B 86, 353-359. [ Links ]
Goethals A., Gronheid R., Van Roey F., Solak H., Ekinci Y. (2006). Progress in EUV resist performance. Journal of Photopolymers Science and Technology 19, 501-506. [ Links ]
Golzhauser A., Eck W., Geyer W., Stadler V., Weimann T., Hinze P., Grunze M. (2001). Chemical nanolithography with electron beams. Advanced Materials 13, 806-809. [ Links ]
González-Brambila, M., López-Isunza, F. (2008).Comportamiento De Un Reactor De Biopelícula Para Tratamiento De Agua Residual. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 7, 183-193. [ Links ]
Gordon, A. E., Fayfield, R. T., Litfin, D. D., Higman, T. K. (1995). Mechanisms of surface anodization produced by scanning probe microscopes. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B 13, 2805-8. [ Links ]
Guillotin, B., Guillemot, F. (2011). Cell patterning technologies for organotypic tissue fabrication. Trends in Biotechnology 29, 4, 183-190. [ Links ]
Guozhong, C., Ying, W. (2010). Nanoestructures and Nanomaterials: synthesis, proprieties, and applications. World Scientific Publishing Company. 2nd. edition. 596 p. [ Links ]
Ham, T. H., Chung, I. J., Choi, Y. S., Lee, S. H., Kim, S. O. (2006). Macroporous Polymer Thin Film Prepared from Temporarily Stabilized Water-in-Oil Emulsion. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110, 13959-13964. [ Links ]
Hao, X.J., Stenzel, M. H., Barner-Kowollik, C., Davis, T. P, Evans E. (2004) Molecular composite materials formed from block copolymers containing a side-chain liquid crystalline segment and an amorphous styrene/maleic anhydride segment. Polymer 45, 7401-7415. [ Links ]
Hant, S.M., Attar, G.S., Riddle, R., Ryan, K. M. (2005). Periodic Binary Si:Ti, Si:Al Mixed Macroporous Oxides with Ultrahigh Heteroatom Loading: A Facile Sol-Gel Approach. Chemistry of Materials 17, 1434-1440. [ Links ]
Haynes, C. L., McFarland, A. D., Smith, M. T., Hulteen, J. C., Van Duyne, R. P. (2002). Angleresolved nanosphere lithography: manipulation of nanoparticle size, shape, and interparticle spacing. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 106, 1898-902. [ Links ]
He, B., Li, J., Zhang, X., Li, Z., Hou, Y., Shi, C. (2008). Honeycomb-Structured Porous Films Controlled by the Temperature of Water Bath. Polymer Journal 40, 1180-1184. [ Links ]
Hernández-Guerrero, M., C., Barner-Kowollik, C., Davis, T. P., Stenzel, M. H. (2005). Polystyrene Comb Polymers Built On Cellulose or Poly(styrene-co-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) Backbones As Substrates for the Preparation of Structured Honeycomb Films. European Polymer Journal 41, 2264-2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.04.040. [ Links ]
Hernández-Guerrero, M., Min, E.H., Davis, T. P., Barner-Kowollik, C., Stenzel, M.H. (2008). Grafting Thermoresponsive Polymers onto Honeycomb Structured Porous Films using the RAFT Process. Journal of Materials Chemistry 18, 4718-4730. [ Links ]
Hernández-Guerrero, Stenzel, M.H. (2012). Honeycomb Structured Polymer Films via Breath Figures. Polymer Chemistry 3, 563-577. [ Links ]
Herrig, H., Hempelmann, R. (1996). A colloidal approach to nanometre-sized mixed oxide ceramic powders. Materials Letters 27, 287. [ Links ]
Him, E. J., Hahn S. H. (2001). Microstructural changes of microemulsion-mediated TiO2 particles during calcination. Materials Letters 49, 244-249. [ Links ]
Hino T., Tanaka H., Ozawa H., Lida Y., Ogawa T. (2008). A new utilization of organic molecules for nanofabrication using the molecular ruler method. Colloids Surfaces A 313, 369-372. [ Links ]
Hirai, Y.; Yabu, H.; Matsuo, Y.; Ijiro, K-; Shimomura, M.; (2010). Biomimetic Bifunctional Silicon Nanospike-array Structures Prepared by Using Self-organized Honeycomb Templates and Reactive Ion Etching. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 10804-10808. [ Links ]
Hoa, M.L.K., Lu, M., Zhanz, Y. (2006). Preparation of Porous Materials with Ordered Hole Structure. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 121, 9-23. [ Links ]
Holland B. T., Blanford, C. F., Stein, A. (1998). Synthesis of Macroporous Minerals with Highly Ordered Three-Dimensional Arrays of Spheroidal Voids. Science 281, 538-540. [ Links ]
Hong, J., Porter, D. W., Sreenivasan, R., McIntyre, P. C. Bent, S. F. (2007). ALD resist formed by vapor-deposited self-assembled monolayers. Langmuir 23, 1160-5. [ Links ]
Hu, Y., Das, A., Hecht, M. H., Scoles. G. (2005). Nanografting de novo proteins onto gold surfaces. Langmuir 21, 9103-9. [ Links ]
Jiang, X. R., Chen, R., Bent., S. F. (2007). Spatial control over atomic layer deposition using microcontact-printed resists. Surface Coating Technology 201, 8799-807. [ Links ]
Juhl, S., Phillips, D., Vaia, R. A., Lyuksyutov, S. F., Paramonov, P. B. (2004). Precise formation of nanoscopic dots on polystyrene film using z-lift electrostatic lithography. Applied Physics Letters 85, 3836-8. [ Links ]
Kang, S. H. (2004). Silicon nanoelectronics: Precise fabrication via a bottom-up approach. JOM Journal of the Minerals 56, 10-19. [ Links ]
Karaky, K., Pere, E., Pouchan, C., Garay, H., Khoukh, A., Desbrières, J., François, J., Billon, L. (2006). Gradient or Statistical Copolymers by Batch Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization: Effect of Styrene/Methyl Acrylate Feed. New Journal of Chemistry 30, 698-705. [ Links ]
Karaky, K., Pere, E.; Pouchan, C., Desbrieres, J., Derail, C., Billon, L.(2006). Effect of the Synthetic Methodology on the Molecular Architecture: From Statistical to Gradient Copolymers. Soft Matter 2, 770-778. [ Links ]
Kasai, W., Kondo, T. (2004). Fabrication of Honeycomb-Patterned Cellulose Films. Macromolecular Bioscience 4, 17-21. [ Links ]
Kato, Z., Sakairi, M., Takahashi, H. (2003). Nanopatterning on aluminum surfaces with AFM probe. Surface Coating Technology 169, 195-8. [ Links ]
Khan M., Han G., Tsvid G., Kitayama T., Maldonado J., Cerrina F. (2001). Can proximity X-ray lithography print 35 nm features? Yes. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B 19, 2423-2427. [ Links ]
Kim S., Solak H., Stoykovich M., Ferrier N., de Pablo J., Nealey P. (2003). Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates. Nature 424, 411-414. [ Links ]
Kimmins, S.D., Cameron N. R. (2011). Functional Porous Polymers by Emulsion Templating: Recent Advances. Advanced Functional Materials 21, 211-225. [ Links ]
Kinser, C. R., Schmitz, M. J., Hersam, M. C. (2006). Kinetics and mechanism of atomic force microscope local oxidation on hydrogen-passivated silicon in inert organic solvents. Advanced Materials 18, 1377-80. [ Links ]
Knobler, C. M., Beysens, D. (1988). Growth of Breath Figures on Fluid Surfaces. Europhysics Letters 6, 707-712. [ Links ]
Kosiorek, A., Kandulski, W., Glaczynska, H., Giersig, M. (2005). Fabrication of nanoscale rings, dots, and rods by combining shadow nanosphere lithography and annealed polystyrene nanosphere mask. Small 1, 439-44. [ Links ]
Kumar A., Whitesides G. M., (1993). Features of gold havingmicrometer to centimeter dimensions can be formed through a combination of stamping with an elastomeric stamp and an alkanethiol ink followed by chemical etching. Applied Physics Letters 63, 2002-4. [ Links ]
Lee, K. J., Motala, M. J., Meitl, M. A., Childs, W. R., Menard, E., Shim, A. K., Rogers, J. A., Nuzzo, R. G. (2005). Large-area, selective transfer of microstructured silicon: a printingbased approach to high-performance thin-film transistors supported on flexible substrates. Advanced Materials 17, 2332-6. [ Links ]
Lee, W. K., Chen, S. H., Chilkoti, A., Zauscher, S. (2007). Fabrication of gold nanowires by electric-field-induced scanning probe lithography and in situ chemical development. Small 3, 249-54. [ Links ]
Levenson M., Viswanathan N., Simpson R. (1982). Improving resolution in photolithography with a phase-shifting mask. IEEE Transactions of Electronic Devices 29, 1828-1836. [ Links ]
Lewis, P. A., Donhauser, Z. J., Mantooth, B. A., Smith, R. K., Bumm, L. A., Kelly, K. F., Weiss, P. S. (2001). Control and placement of molecules via self-assembly. Nanotechnology 12, 231-7. [ Links ]
Li M., Tan H., Chen L., Wang J., Chou S. (2003). Large area direct nanoimprinting of SiO2-TiO2 gel gratings for optical applications. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B 21, 660-663. [ Links ]
Li, B., Zhang, Y., Yan, S. H., Lu, J. H., Ye, M., Li, M. Q., Hu, J. (2007). Positioning scission of single DNA molecules with nonspecific endonuclease based on nanomanipulation. Journal of the American Chemical Society 129, 6668-9. [ Links ]
Li, J., Cheng, J.T., Zhang, Y., Gopalakrishnakone, P. (2009). Influence of Vacuum on the Formation of Porous Polymer Films via Water Droplets Templating. Colloid and Polymer Science 287, 29-36. [ Links ]
Liang, J., Scoles, G. (2007). Nanografting of alkanethiols by tapping mode atomic force microscopy. Langmuir 23, 6142-7. [ Links ]
Lin, Y., Skaff, H., Emrick, T., Dinsmore, A. D., Russell, T. P. (2003). Nanoparticle Assembly and Transport at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. Science 299, 226-229. [ Links ]
Liu, C., Gao, C., Yan, D. (2007). Honeycomb-Patterned Photoluminescent Films Fabricated by Self-Assembly of Hyperbranched Polymers. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 46, 4128-4131. [ Links ]
Liu, M., Amro, N. A., Liu, G., Y, (2008). Nanografting for surface physical chemistry. Annual Reviews of Physical Chemistry 59, 367-86. [ Links ]
Lu, M.H., Zhang, Y. (2006). Microbead Patterning on Porous Films with Ordered Arrays of Pores. Advanced Materials 18, 3094-3098. [ Links ]
Lu, Y., Zhao, B., Ren, Y., Xiao, G., Wang, X., Li, C. (2007). Water-assisted Formation of Novel Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Membranes with Ordered Porous Structure. Polymer 48, 6205-6209. [ Links ]
Lyuksyutov, S. F., Vaia, R. A., Paramonov, P. B., Juhl, S.,Waterhouse, L., Ralich, R. M., Sigalov, G., Sancaktar, E. (2003). Electrostatic nanolithography in polymers using Atomic force microscopy. Nature Materials 2, 468-72. [ Links ]
Ma, H., Hao, J. (2010). Evaporation-Induced Ordered Honeycomb Structures of Gold Nanoparticles at the Air/Water Interface. Chemical European Journal 16, 655-660. [ Links ]
Madej, W., Budkowski, A., Raczkowska, J., Rysz, J. (2008). Breath Figures in Polymer and Polymer Blend Films. Langmuir 24, 3517-3524. [ Links ]
Maeda, Y., Shimoi, Y., Ogino, K. (2005). Fabrication of Microporous Films Utilizing Amphiphilic Block Copolymers and Their Use as Templates in Poly(aniline) Preparation. Polymer Bulletin 53, 315-321. [ Links ]
Mamin, H. J., Chiang, S., Birk, H., Guethner, P. H., Rugar, D. (1991). Gold deposition from a scanning tunneling microscope tip. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B 9, 1398-402. [ Links ]
Mamin, H. J., Terris, B. D., Fan, L. S., Hoen, S., Barrett, R. C., Rugar D. (1995). High-density data storage using proximal probe techniques IBM. Journal of Research Developments 39, 681-99. [ Links ]
Manoharan, H. C., Lutz, C. P., Eigler, D. M. (2000). Quantum mirages formed by coherent projection of electronic structure. Nature 403, 512-5. [ Links ]
Maruyama, N., Karthaus, O., Ijiro, K., Shimomura, M., Koito, T., Nishimura, S., Sawadaishi, T., Nishi, N., Tokura, S. (1998). Mesoscopic Pattern Formation of Nanostructured Polymer Assemblies. Supramolecular Science, 331-336. [ Links ]
Maruyama, N., Koito, T., Nishida, J., Sawadaishi, T., Cieren, X., Kjiro, K., Karthaus, O., Shimomura, M. (1998). Mesoscopic Patterns of Molecular aggregates on Solid Substrates. Thin Solid Films 327-329, 854-856. [ Links ]
Maynor, B. W., Filocamo, S. F., Grinstaff, M. W., Liu, J. (2002). Direct-writing of polymer nanostructures: poly(thiophene) nanowires on semiconducting and insulating surfaces. Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, 522-3. [ Links ]
Menard, E., Bilhaut, L., Zaumseil, J., Rogers, J. A. (2004). Improved surface chemistries, thin film deposition techniques, and stamp designs for nanotransfer printing. Langmuir 20, 6871-8. [ Links ]
Minne, S. C., Yaralioglu, G., Manalis, S. R., Adams, J. D., Zesch, J., Atalar, A., Quate, C. F. (1998). Automated parallel highspeed atomic force microscopy. Applied Physics Letters 72, 2340-2. [ Links ]
Muir, B. W., Fairbrother, A., Gengenbach, T. R., Rovere, F., Abdo, M. A., McLean, K. M., Hartley, P. G. (2006). Scanning probe nanolithography and protein patterning of lowfouling plasma polymer multilayer films. Advanced Materials 18, 3079-82. [ Links ]
Mullen, T. J., Srinivasan, C., Shuster, M. J., Horn, M. W., Andrews, A. M., Weiss, P. S., (2008). Hybrid approaches to nanometer-scale patterning: exploiting tailored intermolecular interactions. Journal of Nanoparticles Research 10, 1231-40. [ Links ]
Nakamura, C., Miyamoto, C., Obataya, I., Takeda, S., Yabuta, M., Miyake, J. (2007). Enzymatic nanolithography of FRET peptide layer using V8 protease-immobilized AFM probe. Biosensors Bioelectronics 22, 2308-14. [ Links ]
Nakayama Y., Okazaki S., Saitou N., Wakabayashi H. (1990). Electron-beam cell projection lithography-a new highthroughput electron-beam direct-writing technology using a specially tailored Si aperture. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B. 8, 1836-1840. [ Links ]
Negishi R., Hasegawa T., Terabe K., Aono M., Ebihara T., Tanaka H., Ogawa T. (2006). Fabrication of nanoscale gaps using a combination of self-assembled molecular and electron beam lithographic techniques. Applied Physics Letters 88, 223111. [ Links ]
Nelson, B. A., King, W. P., Laracuente, A. R., Sheehan, P. E. Whitman, L. J. (2006). Direct deposition of continuous metal nanostructures by thermal dip-pen nanolithography. Applied Physics Letters 88, 033104. [ Links ]
Nikolov, A. S., Nedyalkov, N. N., Nikov, R.G., Atanasov, P.A., Alexandrov, M.T. (2011). Characterization of Ag and Au nanoparticles created by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation in double distilled water. Applied Surface Science 257, 5278-5282. [ Links ]
Nishihara, H., Mukai, S.R., Yamashita, D., Tamon, H. (2005). Ordered Macroporous Silica by Ice Templating. Chemistry of Materials 17, 683-689. [ Links ]
Nishikawa, T., Ookura, R., Nishida, J., Arai, K., Hayashi, J., Kurono, N., Sawadaishi, T., Hara, M., Shimomura, M. (2002). Fabrication of Honeycomb Film of a Amphiphilic Copolymer at the Air -Water Interface. Langmuir 18, 5734-5740. [ Links ]
Nishikawa, T., Ookura, R., Nishida, J., Sawadaishi, T., Shimomura, M. (2001). Honeycomb Film of an Amphiphilic Copolymer: Fabrication and Characterization. Riken Review 37, 43-47. [ Links ]
Nurmawati, B.M.H., Vetrichelvan, M., Valiyaveettil, S. (2006). Morphological Investigations of Self-Assembled Films from a Pyridine-incorporated Poly (p-phenylene). Journal of Porous Materials 13, 315-317. [ Links ]
Ohzono, T., Nishikawa, T., Shimomura, M. (2004). One-step Fabrication of Polymer Thin Films With Lithographic Bas-relief Micro-pattern and Self-organized Micro-porous Structure. Journal of Materials Science 39, 2243-2247. [ Links ]
Okuda, T., Higashide, T., Fukuhira, Y., Sumi, Y., Shimomura, M., Kazuhisa, S. (2009). A Thin Honeycomb-patterned Film as an Adhesion Barrier in an Animal Model of Glaucoma Filtration Surgery. Journal of Glaucoma 18, 220-226. [ Links ]
Orlov, M., Tokarev, I., Scholl, A., Doran, A., Minko, S. (2007). pH Responsive Thin Film Membranes from Poly(2vinylpyridine): Water Vapor-Induced Formation of a Microporous Structure. Macromolecules 40, 2086-2091. [ Links ]
Park S., Kim B., Xu J., Hofmann T., Ocko B., Russell T. (2009). Lateral ordering of cylindrical microdomains under solvent vapor. Macromolecules 42, 1278-1284. [ Links ]
Park, J., Fouche, L. D., Hammond, P. T. (2005). Multicomponent patterning of layer-by-layer assembled polyelectrolyte/nanoparticle composite thin films with controlled alignment. Advanced Materials 17, 2575-9. [ Links ]
Park, M.S., Joo, W., Kim, J.K. (2006). Porous Structures of Polymer Films Prepared by Spin Coating with Mixed Solvents under Humid Condition. Langmuir 22, 4594-4598. [ Links ]
Park, M.S., Kim, J.K.(2004).Breath Figure Patterns Prepared by Spin Coating in a Dry Environment. Langmuir 205, 5347-5352. [ Links ]
Peng, J., Han, Y., Fu, J., Yang, Y., Li, B. (2003). Formation of Regular Hole Pattern in Polymer Films. Macromolecular Chemical Physics 204, 125-130. [ Links ]
Piner, R. D., Zhu, J., Xu, F., Hong, S. H., Mirkin, C. A. (1999). 'Dip-pen' nanolithography Science 283, 661-3. [ Links ]
Pintani, M., Huang, J., Ramon, M. C., Bradley, D.D.C. (2007). Breath Figure Pattern Formation as a Means to Fabricate Micro-Structured Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Journal of Physics Condensed Matter 19, 016203, 1-9. [ Links ]
Puig, J., Ansart F., Lenormand P., Antoine L., Dailly J. (2011). Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of barium (magnesium) aluminosilicate glass sealants for solid oxide fuel cells. Journal of Non-Chrystaline Solids 357, 3490-3494. [ Links ]
Rayleigh, L.(1911). Breath Figures. Nature 2169, 416-417. [ Links ]
Roelofs, A, Schneller, T., Szot, K., Waser, R. (2003). Towards the limit of ferroelectric nanosized grains. Nanotechnology 14, 250. [ Links ]
Rosa, L. G., Jiang. J, Y., Lima, O. V., Xiao, J., Utreras, E., Dowben, P. A., Tan, L. (2009). Selective nanoshaving of self-assembled monolayers of 2-(4-pyridylethyl) triethoxysilane. Materials Letters 63, 961-4. [ Links ]
Rozhok, S., Piner, R., Mirkin, C. A. (2003). Dip-pen nanolithography: what controls ink transport? Journal of Physical Chemistry B 107, 751-7. [ Links ]
Ruiz, S. A., Chen, C. S. (2007). Microcontact printing: a tool to pattern. Soft Matter 3, 168-77. [ Links ]
Saavedra H., Mullen T., Zhang P., Dewey D., Claridge S., Weiss P. (2010). Hybrid Strategies in Nanolithography. Reports on Progress in Physics 73, 036501, 1-40. [ Links ]
Salaita, K., Wang, Y. H., Fragala, J., Vega, R. A., Liu, C., Mirkin, C. A. (2006). Massively parallel dip-pen nanolithography with 55000-pen twodimensional arrays. Angewandte Chemie 45, 7220-3. [ Links ]
Salaita, K., Wang, Y. H., Mirkin, C. A. (2007). Applications of dip-pen nanolithography. Nature Nanotechnology 2, 145-55. [ Links ]
Samuel, A. Z., Umapathy, S., Ramakrishnan, S. (2011). Functionalized and Postfunctionalizable Porous Polymeric Films through Evaporation-Induced Phase Separation Using Mixed Solvents, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 3, 3293-3299. [ Links ]
Saunders, A.E., Dickson, J.L., Shah, P.S., Lee, M. Y., Lim, K. T., Johnston, K.P., Korgel, B.A. (2006). Breath Figure Templated Self-Assembly of Porous Di-block Copolymer Films. Physical Review E 73, 031608-1 -031608-7. [ Links ]
Sbiaa R., Tan E., Seoh M., Aung K., Wong S., Piramanayagam S. (2008). Sub-50-nm track pitch mold using electron beam lithography for discrete track recording media. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B 26, 1666-1669. [ Links ]
Schatz, M. F., Neitzel, G. P. (2001). Experiments on Thermocapillary Instabilities. Annual Reviews of Fluid Mechanics 33, 93-127. [ Links ]
Seol, K.S., Tomita, S., Takeuchi, K., Miyagawa, T., Katagiri, T., Ohki, Y. (2002). Gas-phase production of monodisperse lead zirconate titanate nanoparticles. Applied Physics Letters 81, 1893. [ Links ]
Shadrina, V, I., Bashmakow, I. A., Gracheva, E. A., Agabekov, V. E., Kaputskii, F. N. (2010). Influence of the Condition of Formation of Nitrocellulose Honeycomb-Structure Films on Their Morphology. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 83, 1318-1323. [ Links ]
Shah, P. S., Sigman, M. B., Stowell, C. A., Lim, K. T., Johnston K. P., Korgel, B. A. (2003). Single-Step Self-Organization of Ordered Macroporous Nanocrystal Thin Films. Advanced Materials 15, 971-974. [ Links ]
Shi J J, Chen J X and Cremer P S 2008 Sub-100 nm patterning of supported bilayers by nanoshaving lithography. Journal of the American Chemical Society 130, 2718-9. [ Links ]
Silva-Rodrigo, R., López-Goerne, T., Bertin-Mardel, V., Gómez-Romero, R., Salas-Castillo, P. (2005). Propiedades Acidas De Los Catalizadores De Pt-Sn/Al2o3 Preparados Por Sol-Gel. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 4, 141-145. [ Links ]
Sirghi, L., Ruiz, A., Colpo, P., Rossi, F. (2009). Atomic force microscopy indentation of fluorocarbon thin films fabricated by plasma enhanced chemical deposition at low radio frequency power. Thin Solid Films 517, 3310-4 [ Links ]
Siripurapu, S., DeSimone, J. M., Khan, S. A., Spontak, R.J. (2004). Low-Temperature, Surface-Mediated Foaming of Polymer Films. Advanced Materials 16, 989-994. [ Links ]
Snyder, P. W., Johannes, M. S., Vogen, B. N., Clark, R. L., Toone, E. J. (2007). Biocatalytic microcontact printing. Journal of Organic Chemistry 72, 7459-61. [ Links ]
Sokuler, M., Auernhammer, G.K., Roth, M., Liu, C.J., Bonaccurso, E., Butt, H.J. (2010). The Softer the Better: Fast Condensation on Soft Surfaces. Langmuir 26, 1544-1547. [ Links ]
]]>Song, L., Sharma, V., Park, Park, J. O., Srinivasarao, M. (2011). Characterizacion of Ordered Array of Micropores in a Polymer Film. Soft Matter 7, 1890-1896. [ Links ]
Srinivasan C., Anderson M., Carter E., Hohman J., Bharadwaja S., Trolier-McKinstry S., Weiss P., Horn M. (2006). Extensions of molecular ruler technology for nanoscale patterning. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 24, 3200-3204. [ Links ]
Stenzel, M. H. (2009). Formation of Regular Honeycomb Pattern Porous Film by Self-Organization. Australian Journal of Chemistry 55, 239-243. [ Links ]
Stenzel, M. H., Barner, K.C., Davis, T.P. (2006). Formation of Honeycomb-Structured, Porous Films via Breath Figures with Different Polymer Architectures. Journal of Polymer Science 44, 2363-2375. [ Links ]
Stenzel, M. H., Davis, P. T., Fane, G. A. (2003). Honeycomb Structured Porous Films Prepared from Carbohydrate Based Polymers Synthesized via the RAFT Process. Journal of Material Chemistry 13, 2090-2097. [ Links ]
]]>Stranick S J, Parikh A N, Tao Y T, Allara D L and Weiss P S 1994 Phase-separation of mixed-composition self assembled monolayers into nanometer-scale molecular domains. Journal of Physical Chemistry 98, 7636-46. [ Links ]
Stroscio, J. A., Eigler, D. M. (1991). Atomic and molecular manipulation with the scanning tunneling microscope. Science 254, 1319-26. [ Links ]
Sun, H., Li, W., Wu, L. (2009). Honeycomb-Patterned Films Fabricated by Self-Organization of DNA-Surfactant Complexes. Langmuir 25, 10466-10472. [ Links ]
Sun,W., Shao, Z., Ji, J.A. (2010). Particle-assisted Fabrication of Honeycomb-structured Hybrid Films via Breath Figures Method. Polymer 51, 4169-4175. [ Links ]
Suryanarayana C., Prabhu B. (2007). Synthesis of nanostuctures materials by inert-gas condensation methods. En Nanostructures materials: processing, properties, and applications (C.C. Koch). Pp 47-90. William Anderw Publishing, Nueva York. [ Links ]
]]>Szafraniak, I., Harnagea, C., Scholz, R., Bhattacharyya, S., Hesse, D., Alexe, M., Gösele, U. (2003). Ferroelectric epitaxial nanocrystals obtained by a self-patterning method. Applied Physics Letters 83, 2211. [ Links ]
Szoszkiewicz, R., Okada, T., Jones, S. C., Li, T. D., King, W. P., Marder, S. R., Riedo, E. (2007). High-speed, sub-15 nm feature size thermochemical nanolithography. Nano Letters 7, 1064-9. [ Links ]
Tanaka, M., Takebayashi, M., Miyama, M., Nishida, J., Shimomura, M. (2004). Design of novel biointerfaces (II). Fabrication of self-organized porous polymer film with highly uniform pores. Bio-medical Materials and Engineering 14, 439-446. [ Links ]
Tian, Y., Dai, C., Ding, H., Jiao, Q., Wang, L., Shi, Y., Liu, B. (2007). Formation of Honeycomb Films from Poly(L-lactide)block-Poly(ethylene glycol) via Water-droplet Templating. Polymer International 56, 834-839. [ Links ]
Tian, Y., Ding, H., Jiao, Q., Shi, Y. (2006). Influence of Solvents on the Formation of Honeycomb Films by Water Droplets Templating, Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 207, 545-553. [ Links ]
]]>Ukari, Y., Tamai, Y., Hirai, T., Koda, K., Yabu, H., Shimomura, M. (2011). Fabrication of Honeycomb-patterned Cellulose Material that Mimics Wood Cell wall Formation Processes. Materials Science and Engineering C 31, 1201-1208. [ Links ]
Wan, L.S., Ke, B. B., Zhang, J., Xu, Z. K. (2012). Pore Shape of Honeycomb-Patterned Films: Modulation and Interfacial Behavior. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 116, 40-47. [ Links ]
Wan, L.S., Ke, B.B., Li, X.K., Meng, X.L., Zhang, L.Y., Xu, Z.K. (2009). Honeycomb-patterned films of polystyrene/poly(ethylene glycol): preparation, surface aggregation and protein adsorption. Science in China Series B-Chemistry 52, 969-974. [ Links ]
Wang, C., Liu, Q., Shao, X., Yang, G., Xue, H., Hu, X. (2007). One Step Fabrication of Nanoelectrode Ensembles Formed via Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Self-Assembly and Selective Voltammetric Detection of Uric Acid in the Presence of High Ascorbic Acid Content. Talanta 71, 178-185. [ Links ]
Wang, D., Wan L. J., Bai C. L. (2010). Formation and structural transition of molecular self-assembly on solid surface investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. Materials Science & Engineering R: Reports. 70, 169-187. [ Links ]
]]>Wang, Y., Liu, Z., Huang, Y., Han, B., Yan, G. (2006). Micropatterned Polymer Surfaces Induced by Nonsolvent. Langmuir 22, 1928-1931. [ Links ]
Warlaumont J. (1989). X-ray-lithography-on the path to manufacturing. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 7, 1634-1641. [ Links ]
Weibel, D. B., DiLuzio, W. R., Whitesides, G. M. (2007). Microfabrication meets microbiology. Nature Reviews in Microbiology 5, 209-18. [ Links ]
Wenyong, D., Yongfeng, Z., Deyue. Y., Yiyong. M., Lin. H., Chengyu. J. (2009). Honeycomb-Structured Microporous Films Made from Hyperbranched Polymers by the Breath Figure Method. Langmuir 25, 173-178. [ Links ]
Widawski, G., Rawiso, M. R, Franc¸ois B. (1994). Self-organized Honeycomb Morphology of Star-Polymer Polystyrene Films. Nature 369, 387-389. [ Links ]
]]>Wilbur, J. L., Kumar, A., Kim, E. Whitesides, G. M. (1994). Microfabrication by microcontact printing of self-assembled monolayers. Advanced Materials 6, 600-4. [ Links ]
Woodruff, D. P. (2007). The role of reconstruction in self-assembly of alkylthiolate monolayers on coinage metal surfaces. Applied Surface Science 254, 76-81. [ Links ]
Wong, K. H., Hernández-Guerrero, M., Granville, A. M., Davis, T. P., Barner-Kowollik, C., Stenzel, M. H. (2006). Water Assisted Formation of Honeycomb Structured Porous Films. Journal of Porous Materials 13, 213-223. [ Links ]
Wong, K. H., Davis, T.P., Barner-Kowollik,C., Stenzel, M.H. (2007). Honeycomb Structured Porous Films from Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Prepared via RAFT Polymerization. Polymer 48, 4950-4965. [ Links ]
Xia, Y. N., Rogers, J. A., Paul, K. E., Whitesides, G. M. (1999). Unconventional methods for fabricating and patterning nanostructures. Chemical Reviews 99, 1823-48. [ Links ]
]]>Xia, Y., Whitesides, G. M. (1998). Soft lithography. Annual Review of Materials Science 28, 153-84. [ Links ]
Xu, Q. B., Bao, J. M., Rioux, R. M., Perez-Castillejos, R., Capasso, F., Whitesides, G. M. (2007). Fabrication of large-area patterned nanostructures for optical applications by nanoskiving. Nano Letters 7, 2800-5. [ Links ]
Xu, Q. B., Perez-Castillejos, R., Li, Z. F. Whitesides, G. M., (2006). Fabrication of high-aspectratio metallic nanostructures using nanoskiving. Nano Letters 6, 2163-5. [ Links ]
Xue, M. Q., Zhang, Z., Zhu, N., Wang, F. F., Zhao, X. S., Cao, T. B. (2009). Transfer printing of metal nanoparticles with controllable dimensions, placement, and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering effects. Langmuir 25, 4347-51. [ Links ]
Yabu, H., Shimomura, M. (2005). Single-Step Fabrication of Transparent superhydrophobic Porous Polymer Films. Chemistry of Materials 17, 5231-5234. [ Links ]
]]>Yabu, H., Takebayashi, M., Tanaka, M., Shimomura, M. (2005). Superhydrophobic and Lipophobic Properties of Self-Organization Honeycomb and Pincushion Structures. Langmuir 21, 3235-3237. [ Links ]
Yabu, H., Tanaka, M., Ijiro, K., Shimomura, M. (2003). Preparation of Honeycomb-Patterned Polyimide Films by Self-Organization. Langmuir 19, 6297-6300. [ Links ]
Yabu, H., Akagi, K., Shimomura, M. (2009). Micropatterning of Liquid Crystalline Polyacetylene Derivative by Using Selforganization Processes. Synthetic Metals 159, 762-764. [ Links ]
Yang, F., Wornyo, E., Gall, K., King, W. P. (2007). Nanoscale indent formation in shape memory polymers using a heated probe tip. Nanotechnology 18, 285302. [ Links ]
You, B., Wen, N., Zhou, S., Wu, L., Zhao, D. (2008). Facile Method for Fabrication of Nanocomposite Films with an Ordered Porous Surface. Journal of Physical Chemistry 112, 7706-7712. [ Links ]
]]>Younan X., Whitesides G. (1998). Soft Lithography. Annual Reviews of Materials Science 28, 153-184. [ Links ]
Zhao, B., Zhang, J., Wang, X., Li, C. (2006). Water-assisted Fabrication of Honeycomb Structure Porous Film from Poly(L-lactide). Journal of Materials Chemistry 16, 509-513. [ Links ]
Zhao, B., Zhang, J., Wu, H., Wang, X., Li, C. (2007). Fabrication of Honeycomb Ordered Polycarbonate Films using Water Droplets as Template. Thin Solid Films 515, 3629-3634. [ Links ]
Zheng, Z., Jang, J. W., Zheng, G., Mirkin, C. A. (2008). Topographically flat, chemically patterned PDMS stamps made by dip-pen nanolithography. Angewandte Chemie 47, 9951-54. [ Links ]
]]>