Tropical bacteria isolated from oil-contaminated mangrove soil: bioremediation by natural attenuation and bioaugmentation
Aislamiento de bacterias tropicales en suelo de mangle contaminado por hidrocarburos: biorremediación por atenuación natural y bioaumentación
A. Ruiz-Marín*, J.C. Zavala-Loria, Y. Canedo-López and A.V. Cordova-Quiroz
Universida Autónoma de Ciudad del Carmen. Calle 56 #4. Av. Concordia. Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México, CP 24180. * Corresponding author. E-mail: aruiz@pampano.unacar.mx Tel: +52-938-38-11018 Ext. 2103.
]]> Received March 14, 2013
Abstract
The biodegradation of DRO compounds was evaluated by the processes of natural attenuation and bioaugmentation in mangrove soil. Prior to the experimente, a consortium of bacteria capable of degrading hydrocarbons was isolated and identified: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. luteola, Sphingomonas paucimobiiis and P. fluorescens. For natural attenuation, mangrove oil contaminated soil was placed in horizontal tubular reactors with air supply and no addition of bacteria. While for bioaugmentation three initial inocula from bacterial consortium (0,02, 0.04 and 0.06 g L-1 biomass dry weight) were added to the mangrove soil, maintaining aeration and moisture (30-). The samples were collected every 30 days during 3 months and the oil content was analyzed with a gas chromatograph (GC). The degradation of diesel oil range (40.3%) was higher with an inocula size of 0.06 g L-1, where C12, C18 and C26 were the most susceptible to degradation, while in trie process of natural attenuation only 4.51% was removed, suggesting that the low nutrient content in the mangrove soil and bacteria number could limit; the hydrocarbon degradation. Therefore it is possible to increase the degradation through bioaugmentation in a system as the mangrove soil.
Keywords: bioremediation, bioaugmentation, natural attenuation, mangrove soil, bacterial consortium.
Resumen
La biodegradación de DRO componentes fue evaluada por procesos de atenuación natural y bioaumentación en suelo de mangle. Previo a los experimentos se realizó el aislamiento e identificación de un consorcio de bacterias capaces de degradar hidrocarburos: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. luteola, Sphingomonas paucimobilis y P. fluorescens. Para atenuación natural, el suelo de mangle contaminado con hidrocarburo fue colocado en reactores tubulares horizontales con suministro de aire y sin adición de bacterias. Para bioaumentación tres tamaños de inoculo inicial del consorcio de bacterias (0.02, 0.04 y 0.06 g L-1 biomasa peso seco) fueron adicionados al suelo de mangle contaminado, manteniendo la aireación y humedad (30%). Se colectaron muestras cada 30 días durante 3 meses y se analizaron por cromatografía de gases. La degradación en rango diesel (40.3%) fue mayor con un tamaño de inoculo de 0.06 g L-1, donde los hidrocarburos C12, C18 y C26 fueron mas susceptibles. En el proceso de atenuación únicamente el 4.51% fue removido, sugiriendo que el bajo contenido de nutrientes y número de bacterias en suelo de mangle podría causar una limitación en la biodegradación de hidrocarburo. Por lo tanto, es posible incrementar esta degradación a través de la bioaumentación en suelo de mangle.
Palabras clave: biorremeadiación, bioaumentación, atenuación natural, suelo de mangle, consorcio bacterial.
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