Efecto de la temperatura y de dos procesos de secado sobre la actividad insecticida de un nucleopoliedrovirus de Spodoptera frugiperda
Effect of temperature and two drying processes on the insecticidal activity of a nucleopolyhedrovirus of Spodoptera frugiperda
J.E. Camacho1,2*, M.I. Gómez3 y L.F. Villamizar3
1 Doctorado en Biociencias, Universidad de la Sabana. Puente del Común Km 7 Auto Norte, Bogotá, Colombia. * Autora para la correspondencia. E-mail: jelenacamacho@hotmail.com.
2 Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca. Calle 28 No 6 - 02, Bogotá, Colombia.
]]> 3 Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria, Corpoica. Km 14 vía Mosquera, Bogotá, Colombia.
Recibido 9 de Mayo de 2013
Aceptado 2 de Julio de 2013
Resumen
La efectividad y uso potencial de los Baculovirus para el control de diferentes insectos plaga han sido demostrados en varios estudios. Sin embargo, su evaluación bajo condiciones de campo ha presentado resultados inconsistentes, posiblemente por el efecto deletéreo de condiciones ambientales como la temperatura. Teniendo en cuenta el potencial del aislamiento colombiano de nucleopoliedrovirus SfMNPV003 de Spodoptera frugiperda para el desarrollo de un bioplaguicida, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la temperatura y de dos procesos de secado sobre la actividad insecticida del virus, con miras a utilizar condiciones del proceso que permitan diseñar una formulación eficiente. Ej nucleopoliedrovirus, fue expuesto a temperaturas entre 30oC y 60oC durante 30, 45, 60, 120 y 180 minutos. Los procesos ensayados fueron secado en estufa y atomización en lecho fluido, evaluandose el pH, el contenido de humedad, el contenido de contaminantes, la concentración viral, el rendimiento y la actividad insecticida (CL50) del virus seco. La actividad insecticida del virus disminuyó cuando éste se expuso a temperaturas mayores a 50°C. El proceso de secado en estufa fue seleccionado por presentar mayor rendimiento, además porque no afectó la patogenicidad del virus y permitió obtener un polvo seco con menor contenido de contaminantes microbianos, sin embargo su consumo energético podría ser mayor.
Palabras clave: baculovirus, temperatura, atomización en lecho fluido, secado en estufa, actividad insecticida.
Abstract
]]> The effectiveness and potential use of Baculovirus for controlling different insect pests have been shown in several studies. However, their evaluation under field conditions has presented inconsistent results, possibly because of the deleterious effect of environmental conditions such as temperature. Considering the potential of a Colombian isolate of Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus SfMNPV003 for developing a biopesticide, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and two drying processes over viral insecticidal activity, in order to use process conditions that allow to design efficient formulation. The nucleopolyhedrovirus, was exposed to temperatures between 30°C and 60°C for 30,45,60, 120 and 180 minutes. Processes tested were oven drying and spray drying in fluid bed, evaluating pH, moisture content, content of microbial contaminants, viral concentration, yield and insecticidal activity (LC50) of dry virus. The insecticidal activity of the virus decreased when it was exposed to temperatures above 50°C. Oven drying process was selected for presenting the highest yield, also because it did not affect the virus pathogenicity and allowed to obtain a dry powder with a lower microbial contaminants content.Keywords: baculovirus, temperature, spray drying in fluid bed, oven drying, insecticidal activity.
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