<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-2738</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de ingeniería química]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Mex. Ing. Quím]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-2738</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-27382013000200009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto del pretratamiento sobre la biodegradabilidad anaerobia y calidad microbiológica de lodos residuales secundarios]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of various pretreatments on anaerobic biodegradability and quality microbiology of waste activated sludge]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vigueras-Carmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zafra-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Rivero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Trujillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Edo. de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Educación y Cultura Ecológica A. C.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Baja California]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>293</fpage>
<lpage>301</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-27382013000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-27382013000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-27382013000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de varios pretratamientos sobre la solubilización, biodegradabilidad y calidad microbiológica de lodos residuales secundarios. Se utilizan seis pretratamientos: térmico, alcalino, ultrasonido, termico-alcalino, alcalino-ultrasonido, ultrasonido-alcalino. El pretratamiento con el que se logró la mayor solubilización fue el ultrasonido-alcalino con 85% y este pretratamiento fue el que presentó la mayor biodegradabilidad con 65%. Además se observó una reactivación de patógenos en todos los casos, excepto en el termoalcalino, lo que implica una disminución en su caridad microbiológica y el biosólido no cumplió con la clasificación de tipo A. El fenómeno de reactivación de patógenos puede implicar una revisión de los criterios de clasificación de los biosólidos o bien, la inclusión de un parámetro de tiempo de almacenamiento previo a su disposición final, lo que elevaría los costos de disposición.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this paper was evaluated the effect of different pretreatments on the solubilization, biodegradability and microbiological quality of waste activated sludge. Six pre-treatments were assayed: thermal, alkaline, ultrasonic, thermal-alkaline, alkaline ultrasonic, ultrasonic-alkaline. Pretreatment with that achieved the highest solubilization was ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatment with 85% and this had the highest biodegradability of 65%. Besides, we observed a reactivation of pathogens in all cases, except thermal-alkaline, which implies a decrease in their microbiological quality andbiosolids do not fulfill with the classification type A. The phenomenon of reactivation of pathogens may involve a review of the classification criteria of the biosolids or the inclusion of a parameter storage time prior to final disposal, which would raise lhe costs of disposal.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[solubilización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pretratamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[patógeno]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biodegradación anaerobia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[solubilization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pretreatment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pathogens]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[anaerobic biodegradatlon]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[methane]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Ingenier&iacute;a ambiental</font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Efecto del pretratamiento sobre la biodegradabilidad anaerobia y calidad microbiol&oacute;gica de lodos residuales secundarios</b></font></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="3"><b>Effect of various pretreatments on anaerobic biodegradability and quality microbiology of waste activated sludge</b></font></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>S.E. Vigueras&#45;Carmona<sup>1,2</sup>*, G. Zafra&#45;Jim&eacute;nez<sup>1</sup>, M. Garc&iacute;a&#45;Rivero<sup>1</sup>, M.A. Mart&iacute;nez&#45;Trujillo<sup>1</sup> y J. P&eacute;rez&#45;Vargas<sup>1</sup></b></font></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup>1</sup><i> Divisi&oacute;n de Ingenier&iacute;a Qu&iacute;mica y Bioqu&iacute;mica, Tecnol&oacute;gico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec. Av. Tecnol&oacute;gico s/n Col. Valle de An&aacute;huac 55210, Ecatepec, Edo. de M&eacute;xico, M&eacute;xico. *Autor para la correspondencia. E&#45;mail:</i> <a href="mailto:svigueras@tese.edu.mx">svigueras@tese.edu.mx</a> <i>Tel. Tel. 50&#45;00&#45;23&#45;23, Fax 50&#45;00&#45;23&#45;04.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup>2</sup><i> Educaci&oacute;n y Cultura Ecol&oacute;gica A. C. Blvd. Los lagos num. 3048, Fracc. Santa Luc&iacute;a, 22701, Playas de Rosarito, Baja California, M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido 16 de Junio de 2012    <br> </font><font face="verdana" size="2"> Aceptado 9 de Febrero de 2013</font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En este trabajo se evalu&oacute; el efecto de varios pretratamientos sobre la solubilizaci&oacute;n, biodegradabilidad y calidad microbiol&oacute;gica de lodos residuales secundarios. Se utilizan seis pretratamientos: t&eacute;rmico, alcalino, ultrasonido, termico&#45;alcalino, alcalino&#45;ultrasonido, ultrasonido&#45;alcalino. El pretratamiento con el que se logr&oacute; la mayor solubilizaci&oacute;n fue el ultrasonido&#45;alcalino con 85&#37; y este pretratamiento fue el que present&oacute; la mayor biodegradabilidad con 65&#37;. Adem&aacute;s se observ&oacute; una reactivaci&oacute;n de pat&oacute;genos en todos los casos, excepto en el termoalcalino, lo que implica una disminuci&oacute;n en su caridad microbiol&oacute;gica y el bios&oacute;lido no cumpli&oacute; con la clasificaci&oacute;n de tipo A. El fen&oacute;meno de reactivaci&oacute;n de pat&oacute;genos puede implicar una revisi&oacute;n de los criterios de clasificaci&oacute;n de los bios&oacute;lidos o bien, la inclusi&oacute;n de un par&aacute;metro de tiempo de almacenamiento previo a su disposici&oacute;n final, lo que elevar&iacute;a los costos de disposici&oacute;n.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave:</b> solubilizaci&oacute;n, pretratamiento, pat&oacute;geno, biodegradaci&oacute;n anaerobia, metano.</font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">In this paper was evaluated the effect of different pretreatments on the solubilization, biodegradability and microbiological quality of waste activated sludge. Six pre&#45;treatments were assayed: thermal, alkaline, ultrasonic, thermal&#45;alkaline, alkaline ultrasonic, ultrasonic&#45;alkaline. Pretreatment with that achieved the highest solubilization was ultrasonic&#45;alkaline pretreatment with 85&#37; and this had the highest biodegradability of 65&#37;. Besides, we observed a reactivation of pathogens in all cases, except thermal&#45;alkaline, which implies a decrease in their microbiological quality andbiosolids do not fulfill with the classification type A. The phenomenon of reactivation of pathogens may involve a review of the classification criteria of the biosolids or the inclusion of a parameter storage time prior to final disposal, which would raise lhe costs of disposal.</font></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> solubilization, pretreatment, pathogens, anaerobic biodegradatlon, methane.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p> 	    <p align="justify"><font size="2" face="verdana"><a href="/pdf/rmiq/v12n2/v12n2a9.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p> 	    <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Referencias</b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Batstone, D. J., Keller, J., Angelidaki, I., Kalyuzhnyi, S. V., Pavlostathis, S. G., Rozzi, A., Sanders, W.T.M, Siegristan, H. y Vavilin, V. A. (2002). <i>The IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model N&deg;1 (ADM1). Water Science and Technology 45,</i> 10&#45;65.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8567853&pid=S1665-2738201300020000900001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Bougrier, C., Carr&egrave;re, H. y Delgen&egrave;s, J.P (2005). Solubilisation of waste&#45;activated sludge by ultrasonic treatment. <i>Chemical Engineering Journal 106,</i> 163&#45;169</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8567855&pid=S1665-2738201300020000900002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Bougrier, C., Delgen&egrave;s, J. P. y Carr&egrave;re, H. (2008). Effects of thermal treatments on five different waste activated sludge samples solubilisation, physical properties and anaerobic digestion. <i>Chemical Engineering Journal 139,</i> 236&#45;244.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8567856&pid=S1665-2738201300020000900003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
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