<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-2037</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Política y gobierno]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Polít. gob]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-2037</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas A.C., División de Estudios Políticos]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-20372017000200435</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La desigual capacidad del Estado en América Latina: Análisis de sus fundamentos históricos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[State-building in Latin America: Analyzing its Historical Foundations]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urteaga Quispe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Madai]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Grupo de Investigación sobre Capacidad del Estado Peruano ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Lima]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>435</fpage>
<lpage>457</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-20372017000200435&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-20372017000200435&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-20372017000200435&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen América Latina se caracteriza por ser una región con Estados de capacidad intermedia, pero hay Estados, como el chileno, que son más fuertes que otros, como el peruano. ¿Qué factores explican estas divergencias? Partiendo del institucionalismo histórico, los tres libros revisados (Kurtz, 2013; Saylor, 2014; Soifer, 2015) pretenden responder esta interrogante al resaltar diferentes tipos de causas históricas. La principal lección es que factores estructurales, condiciones económicas, sociales, políticas y geográficas, determinaron poderosamente decisiones y acciones de las élites políticas y económicas que dieron lugar a la emergencia, éxito o fracaso de las empresas de construcción estatal. Sin embargo, el énfasis en estos factores pasa por alto otras condiciones importantes para entender mejor las trayectorias diferenciadas de la capacidad estatal en la región, como la autonomía estatal, el régimen político, la presión de las masas, los mecanismos de reproducción de fortaleza o debilidad estatal y las posibilidades de cambio que han tenido lugar más allá del siglo XIX en América Latina.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Latin America is a region inhabited by states with intermediate levels of state capacity, but with remarkable variation between stronger states, such as the Chilean, and weaker such as the Peruvian. What factors account for this diversity in state capacity? Drawing on an historical institutionalist approach, the three books reviewed here (Kurtz, 2013; Saylor, 2014; Soifer, 2015) aim to answer that question by highlighting different types of historical causes. The main lesson is that structural factors, such as economic, social, political, and geographical conditions, strongly influenced the decisions and actions of governing elites that led to the emergence, success or failure of state building enterprises. However, the focus on structural conditions and elites overlooks other factors that deserve to be assessed, namely the influence of state autonomy, political regime, mass publics&#8217; pressures, the reproduction mechanisms of state strength or weakness, and the possibilities of change that have taken place beyond the nineteenth century Latin America.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[capacidad del Estado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[construcción estatal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[élites]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[siglo XIX]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[State capacity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[state-building]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[elites]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nineteenth century]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bulmer-Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Economic History of Latin America since Independence]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavarozzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcelo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Elementos para una caracterización del capitalismo oligárquico]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cedes/Clacso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Centeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Blood and Debt: War and the Nation State in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Penn State University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Estado en América Latina]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Centeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista cidob d&#8217;Afers Internacionals]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>85-86</numero>
<issue>85-86</issue>
<page-range>11-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Simon]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sater]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A History of Chile: 1808-1994]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sofía]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueroa Garavagno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Consuelo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jocelyn-Holt Letelier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rolle Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vicuña Urrutia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia del siglo XX chileno: Balance paradojal]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<edition>2a</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Sudamericana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fukuyama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Approaches to the State: Alternative Conceptions and Historical Dynamics]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krasner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Politics]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>223-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurtz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcus]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American State Building in Comparative Perspective: Social Foundations of Institutional Order]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Growth and Governance: Models, Measures, and Mechanisms]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurtz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcus]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schrank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrew]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Politics]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>538-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El poder autónomo del Estado: Sus orígenes, mecanismos y resultados]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Académica de Relaciones Internacionales]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>1-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Migdal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joe]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Atul]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vivienne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[State Power and Social Forces: Struggles and Accommodation]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maritza]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Shaping State Capacity: A Comparative Historical Analysis of Mining Dependence in the Andes, 1840s-1920s]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Oxford]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ryan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[State Building in Boom Times: Commodities and Coalitions in Latin America and Africa]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soifer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hillel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[State Building in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soifer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hillel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Development of State Capacity]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fioretos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Orfeo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falleti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tulia G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheingate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Oxford Handbook of Historical Institutionalism]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>181-94</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stinchcombe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arthur]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Constructing Social Theories]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Chicago Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thelen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Katherine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How Institutions Evolve: Insights from Comparative- historical Analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahoney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rueschemeyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dietrich]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guerra y construcción del Estado como crimen organizado]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tilly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Charles]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Académica de Relaciones Internacionales]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>1-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
