<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-2037</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Política y gobierno]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Polít. gob]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-2037</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas A.C., División de Estudios Políticos]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-20372016000200409</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Comprar, coaccionar y desinformar al votante. Problemas duraderos de la democracia mexicana]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Buying off, Coercing and Misinforming Voters: Long-lasting Problems of Mexican Democracy]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilles]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas División de Estudios Políticos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>409</fpage>
<lpage>435</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-20372016000200409&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-20372016000200409&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-20372016000200409&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este ensayo busca demostrar que las elecciones en México presentan todavía fallas importantes. Un problema electoral típico toma la siguiente forma general: un actor político desvía indebidamente sus recursos, con los cuales intenta manipular de alguna manera a los votantes antes de una elección. En particular, analizo tres manifestaciones de este problema: a) se ofrece algún tipo de pago al votante, b) se amenaza con algún castigo al votante, c) se tergiversa de alguna manera la información que recibe el votante. El objetivo es documentar la incidencia de estos tres fenómenos y discutir lo que implican para la democracia mexicana. Para ello me baso en una revisión de la literatura académica moderna: una serie de artículos y libros escritos por académicos iluminan la importancia de estos problemas y sus posibles soluciones. Sus resultados empíricos demuestran que México no ha logrado consolidar una democracia liberal. De las lecciones y reflexiones de estos académicos se desprenden dos tipos de soluciones: un mayor respeto a las instituciones formales a nivel macro, y una mayor conciencia de los valores democráticos a nivel micro. Así tal vez México pueda convertirse en una democracia liberal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This essay seeks to show that elections in Mexico still display important flaws. A typical electoral problem takes the following general form: a political agent diverts his or her resources unduly, using them to somehow manipulate voters before an election. I focus on three particular manifestations of this problem: a) some type of payment is offered to voters, b) voters are somehow threatened, c) the information provided to voters is distorted. The goal is to document the prevalence of these three phenomena and discuss their implications for Mexican democracy. I rely on a revision of the modern academic literature: a series of articles and books written by academics provide insights about the importance of these problems and their solutions. Their empirical results prove that Mexico has not been able to consolidate into a liberal democracy. Two types of solutions can be drawn from the lessons and thoughts of these academics: respecting formal institutions more at the macro level, and gaining more consciousness of democratic values at the micro level. This may help Mexico turn into a liberal democracy.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[clientelismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[compra de votos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[medios de comunicación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[elecciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[corrupción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[clientelism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vote buying]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[media]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[elections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[corruption]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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