<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-2037</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Política y gobierno]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Polít. gob]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-2037</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas A.C., División de Estudios Políticos]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-20372016000100011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Federalismo, drogas y violencia. Por qué el conflicto partidista intergubernamental estimuló la violencia del narcotráfico en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Federalism, drugs, and violence. Why intergovernmental partisan conflict stimulated inter-cartel violence in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Notre Dame Kellogg Institute for International Studies ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas División de Estudios Políticos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>11</fpage>
<lpage>56</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-20372016000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-20372016000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-20372016000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La visión dominante del dramático aumento de la violencia criminal en México tras la intervención federal en la guerra contra las drogas en 2007 sostiene que la violencia del narcotráfico se intensificó en regiones donde el presidente no pudo coordinar las acciones del gobierno federal con las autoridades locales de oposición, pero fue significativamente menor en zonas donde se coordinó con sus correligionarios. En este artículo desafiamos el argumento de la "coordinación" y afirmamos que en contextos de aguda polarización política -como el que privó en México antes de la guerra contra las drogas- el conflicto partidista puede motivar al gobierno federal a desarrollar intervenciones militares y policiales cooperativas en regiones donde gobierna el partido del presidente y a negar asistencia efectiva en regiones gobernadas por sus enemigos políticos, para después culparlos de la violencia criminal. A partir de una nueva base de datos sobre la violencia del narcotráfico en México (2006-2012), mostramos que aunque la violencia criminal fue más intensa en los municipios de los estados gobernados por la oposición, fue cinco veces mayor en ciudades gobernadas por la izquierda -la némesis política del presidente-. A través de estudios de caso, mostramos cómo el gobierno federal utilizó estrategias diferenciadas ante la violencia del narcotráfico: coadyuvó y protegió a sus correligionarios (PAN), cooperó parcialmente con la oposición de centro (PRI), pero confrontó y desprotegió a la oposición de izquierda (PRD). Nuestros hallazgos son consistentes con estudios que muestran que los agentes del Estado no siempre buscan el monopolio de la violencia y que incluso a veces toleran la violencia para castigar a sus enemigos políticos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The dominant view of the dramatic increase of criminal violence in Mexico following the 2007 federal intervention in the War on Drugs suggests that inter-cartel violence became particularly intense in subnational regions where the president could not coordinate the federal government's actions with subnational opposition rulers but came under control where the president worked with his co-partisans. In this article we challenge the "coordination" argument and claim that in contexts of acute political polarization between Left and Right -like the one Mexico experienced before the War on Drugs- partisan conflict can motivate federal authorities to develop cooperative military and policing interventions in regions where the president's co-partisans rule, but to deliberately neglect effective assistance to the president's main political rivals and then blame the violence on them. Based on an original dataset of inter-cartel violence in Mexico (2006-2012), we show that while criminal violence was more intense in municipalities from states ruled by opposition parties, it was five times greater in cities ruled by the Left -the president's political nemesis. We use case studies to show how Mexico's conservative federal government followed differentiated strategies to deal with spirals of drug violence: it worked together and protected subnational co-partisans (PAN); partially cooperated with centrist opposition authorities (PRI); but confronted leftist governors and mayors (PRD) and left them at the mercy of drug cartels. Our results are consistent with findings in conflict studies showing that state agents do not always seek the monopoly on violence and sometimes tolerate violence to punish their political enemies.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[federalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conflicto intergubernamental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[partidismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[violencia criminal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[federalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inter-governmental conflict]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[partisanship]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inter-cartel violence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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