<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-1456</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Biotecnia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Biotecnia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-1456</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Sonora, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-14562025000100207</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18633/biotecnia.v27.2647</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Diabetes murine models for advancing oral insulin delivery: a narrative review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Modelos murinos de diabetes para el avance de la administración oral de insulina: una revisión]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higuera Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alma Daniela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tapia Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Airam Atanahari]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Candia Plata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galván Moroyoqui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto Guzman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sonora Departamento de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Hermosillo Sonora]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sonora Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Hermosillo Sonora]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-14562025000100207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-14562025000100207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-14562025000100207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Resumen A pesar del descubrimiento de la insulina hace más de un siglo, su administración oral eficaz sigue siendo de alto interés en el campo de la investigación debido a su potencial de administración no invasiva. Esta revisión explora el papel fundamental de los modelos murinos de diabetes en el desarrollo de formulaciones de insulina oral efectivas. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, ScienceDirect y Google Académico para identificar estudios experimentales publicados en los últimos cinco años. Los hallazgos revelan un progreso significativo en la mejora de la biodisponibilidad de la insulina oral y el control de la glucosa empleando técnicas innovadoras como nanopartículas, micropartículas, hidrogeles y sistemas de administración inteligentes. Estas técnicas se probaron en modelos animales de experimentación, predominantemente en ratas Wistar y Sprague Dawley con diabetes inducida por estreptozotocina. Sin embargo, trasladar estos avances a la práctica clínica en humanos sigue siendo un desafío. Optimizar los modelos experimentales y desarrollar tecnologías de administración sofisticadas es crucial para lograr terapias de insulina oral personalizadas y eficaces.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Despite the discovery of insulin over a century ago, effective oral administration remains a major research focus due to its potential for a non-invasive delivery. This review explores the pivotal role of murine diabetes models in advancing effective oral insulin formulations. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to identify experimental studies published in the last five years. The findings reveal significant progress in improving oral insulin bioavailability and glucose control using innovative techniques such as nanoparticles, microparticles, hydrogels, and smart delivery systems. These techniques were tested in experimental animal models, predominantly Wistar and Sprague Dawley rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. However, translating these advances into clinical practice in humans remains a challenge. Optimizing experimental models and developing sophisticated delivery technologies are crucial for achieving personalized and effective oral insulin therapies.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Preclinical trials]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bioavailability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[drug delivery systems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[streptozotocin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rat diabetes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estudios preclínicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biodisponibilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistemas de liberación de fármacos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estreptozotocina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rata diabética]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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