<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-1456</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Biotecnia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Biotecnia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-1456</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Sonora, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-14562025000100206</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18633/biotecnia.v27.2537</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Development of vaccines against Leishmania mexicana: a reverse vaccinology approach]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Desarrollo de vacunas contra Leishmania mexicana: un enfoque de vacunología reversa]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Concepción]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corona Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iván]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayano Kanashiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Corina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gámez Meza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nohemí]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tejeda-Mansir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Armando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sonora  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Sonora]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago de Querétaro ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sonora Department of Scientific and Technological Research ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Sonora]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-14562025000100206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-14562025000100206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-14562025000100206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La leishmaniasis cutánea causada por Leishmania mexicana es un importante problema de salud pública en América. En consecuencia, se necesitan enfoques nuevos y más eficaces para controlar la enfermedad. A pesar de los considerables esfuerzos para prevenir y tratar la leishmaniasis cutánea, no se dispone de vacunas licenciadas para humanos, lo que incentiva la investigación en este tema. Los avances en la vacunología reversa y la inmunoinformática han facilitado el diseño de varios candidatos contra la leishmaniasis cutánea. La versatilidad del enfoque de vacunología reversa permite la inclusión de varios epítopos en una sola construcción de vacuna, pudiendo inducir respuestas inmunes protectoras in vivo. Por lo tanto, se espera que el enfoque in silico resuelva los problemas actuales relacionados con la inmunogenicidad, seguridad y costos de producción de las vacunas contra L. mexicana, así como cuestiones relacionadas con la biología del parásito. Este trabajo abarca el estado del arte de las vacunas para L. mexicana, así como las perspectivas y desafíos de la inmunoinformática en la investigación de vacunas contra la leishmaniasis cutánea.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania mexicana is a major public health problem in America. Consequently, there is a need for new and more effective strategies to control the disease. Despite considerable efforts to prevent and treat cutaneous leishmaniasis, there is no licensed human vaccine, which encourages research on this topic. Advances in reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics have facilitated the design of promising vaccine candidates against cutaneous leishmaniasis. The versatility of reverse vaccinology approach allows the inclusion of several epitopes into a single vaccine construction, potentially eliciting strong, protective immune responses when tested in vivo. Therefore, in silico approaches are expected to further overcome current issues regarding immunogenicity, safety, and production costs of L. mexicana vaccines, as well as questions related to parasite biology. This work covers the state of the art of conventional and new-generation vaccines for L. mexicana, as well as perspectives and challenges of immunoinformatics in cutaneous leishmaniasis vaccine research.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immunoinformatics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vaccine design]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leishmaniasis cutánea del nuevo mundo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inmunoinformática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diseño de vacunas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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