<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-1146</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-1146</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-11462025000100005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/bmhim.24000085</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Antibiotic therapy in dysentery of infectious etiology in early childhood: a systematic scoping review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Antibioticoterapia en la disentería de etiología infecciosa en la primera infancia: una revisión sistemática panorámica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ingrid S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolaños-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Samuel D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adames-Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Valentina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Galvis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Simón A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Valentina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Néstor A. De La]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Rincón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erwin H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Samuel D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Sabana Faculty of Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chía ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Sabana School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Department of Family Medicine and Public Health]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chía ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio Médico Colombiano Colegio Médico Colombiano ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Universitat Oberta de Catalunya ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sociedad Colombiana de Pediatría Sociedad Colombiana de Pediatría ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-11462025000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-11462025000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-11462025000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Acute diarrhea (AD) is one of the leading causes of child mortality, particularly in children under 5 years old. Dysentery, a severe form of AD characterized by blood and mucus in the stool, raises controversies regarding the appropriate use of antibiotics. The objective of this manuscript is to synthesize the available information on the indications, risks, and benefits of antibiotics used in infectious dysentery during early childhood. A scoping systematic review was conducted using international reference documents and the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies from 2014 onwards that addressed antibiotic management in children under 5 years old with bacterial or parasitic dysentery were included. Among the 39 selected studies, the evidence shows limited benefits and significant risks associated with antibiotic use, with recommendations varying based on specific etiology and the patient's clinical conditions, where it is evident that the rational use of antibiotics in pediatric dysentery is crucial to avoid bacterial resistance and adverse effects. There is a need for future research to establish guidelines based on robust clinical trials, to optimize targeted treatment and improve clinical outcomes in this population.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA) es una de las principales causas de mortalidad infantil, especialmente en menores de 5 años. La disentería, una forma severa de EDA con sangre y moco en las heces, genera controversias sobre el uso adecuado de antibióticos. El objetivo de este manuscrito es sintetizar la información disponible sobre las indicaciones, riesgos y beneficios de los antibióticos en la disentería infecciosa en la primera infancia. Se realizó una revisión sistemática panorámica utilizando documentos de referencia internacional y las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar, siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA-ScR. Se incluyeron estudios desde 2014 que abordaran el manejo antibiótico en menores de 5 años con disentería de origen bacteriano o parasitario. De 39 documentos seleccionados, la evidencia muestra beneficios limitados y riesgos significativos en el uso de antibióticos, con recomendaciones que varían según la etiología específica y las condiciones clínicas del paciente, donde se evidencia que el uso racional de antibióticos en disentería infantil es crucial para evitar la resistencia bacteriana y efectos adversos. Se destaca la necesidad de investigaciones futuras para establecer guías basadas en ensayos clínicos robustos, que optimicen el tratamiento dirigido y mejoren los resultados clínicos en esta población.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dysentery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antibiotics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Children]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diarrhea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Infantile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Drug Resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microbial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Disentería]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Antibióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Niños]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Diarrea Infantil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Farmacorresistencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Microbiana]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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