<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-1146</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-1146</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-11462024000500294</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/bmhim.24000035</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Exploring medical ethics: moral reasoning among new pediatric resident physicians in a tertiary hospital]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Explorando la ética médica: evaluación del razonamiento moral en nuevos residentes de pediatría en un hospital de tercer nivel]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade-Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Indra A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garduño-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapa-Koloffon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gina C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olguín-Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mónica J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jean-Tron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Unidad de Investigación en Ética Aplicada ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Mexico City]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Mexico City]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Unidad de Medicina Basada en Evidencias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Mexico City]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Departamento de Pre y Posgrado ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Mexico City]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>81</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>294</fpage>
<lpage>300</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-11462024000500294&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-11462024000500294&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-11462024000500294&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Physicians are frequently faced with ethical dilemmas that require answers based in moral reasoning, which develops and evolves during their lives and their medical education. According to Kohlberg, there are three levels of moral reasoning development: pre-conventional (in which decisions are guided by oneself convenience), conventional (focused on obeying society's rules), and post-conventional (decisions are based in universal ethical principles). The aim of this study was to describe the level of moral reasoning among new pediatric resident physicians in a tertiary hospital.  Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from 2020 to 2023. The Defining Issues Test was used to assess the level of moral reasoning among 195 new pediatric resident physicians in a tertiary hospital.  Results: Most resident physicians considered the fourth stage affirmations to be the most important. The median P-index (PI) was 40, and 49% of participants were on the post-conventional level of moral reasoning. The year with the lowest number of new resident physicians on the post-conventional level was 2021.  Conclusion: The moral reasoning level among pediatric resident physicians was higher than the average found in general population. This suggests that the education received during the medical formation may influence the individuals' moral development.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: Los médicos se enfrentan cotidianamente a dilemas éticos que exigen respuestas basadas en el razonamiento moral, el cual evoluciona a lo largo de la vida y con su formación médica. Kohlberg distingue tres niveles de desarrollo moral: preconvencional (decisiones guiadas por interés propio), convencional (enfocado a obedecer reglas de la sociedad) y posconvencional (decisiones basadas en principios éticos universales). El propósito de este estudio fue describir el nivel de razonamiento moral en residentes de pediatría recién ingresados en un hospital de tercer nivel.  Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo de 2020 a 2023. Se evaluó el nivel de razonamiento moral con el defining issues test (DIT) en 195 residentes de pediatría de primer año en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel.  Resultados: Se encontró una mediana de edad de 26 años, el 60% de los residentes fueron mujeres, el 74% refirieron profesar alguna religión, el 51% nacieron en Ciudad de México, en donde el 45% cohabitan en una vivienda compartida. El estadio con mayor puntuación del DIT fue el cuarto. Se observó una mediana de índice P (IP) de 40. Respecto al nivel de razonamiento moral, el 49% se encontraban en el nivel posconvencional.  Conclusión: Los residentes de pediatría mostraron un nivel de razonamiento moral más alto que lo reportado como promedio en la población general (nivel posconvencional vs. convencional, respectivamente), lo que sugiere que la enseñanza en la carrera de medicina pudiera influir en el desarrollo moral de los sujetos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ethical dilemmas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Moral development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Moral reasoning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Resident physicians]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dilemas éticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Desarrollo moral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Razonamiento moral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Médicos residentes]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barra-Almagiá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El desarrollo moral:una introducción a la teoría de Kohlberg]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Latinoam Psicol]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>7-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desarrollo del juicio moral en la educación superior]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Mex Invest Educ]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>67-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz-Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantú-Quintanilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila-Montiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gamboa-Marrufo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juárez-Villegas Luis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Hoyos-Bermea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Revisión de modelos para el análisis de dilemas éticos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<page-range>89-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linde Navas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La educación moral según Laerence Kohlberg:una utopía realizable]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prax Filos]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>7-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jean-Tron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila-Montiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapa-Koloffon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orozco-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Differences in moral reasoning among medical graduates, graduates with other degrees, and nonprofessional adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Med Educ]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>568</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patenaude]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niyonsenga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fafard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Changes in students'moral development during medical school:a cohort study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CMAJ]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>168</volume>
<page-range>840-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zerpa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Itriago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Confiabilidad y validez de un índice de medición del desarrollo moral en estudiantes universitarios venezolanos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psicol Iberoam]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>30-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velarde Zegada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mallo Quispe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vásquez Durán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Juicio ético moral en estudiantes de medicina de la UMSA, internos de medicina y residentes del Hospital de Clínicas y Hospital Obrero:encuesta del dilema del tren]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientifica]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>21-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCullough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medical ethics'appropriation of moral philosophy:the case of the sympathetic and the unsympathetic physician]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kennedy Inst Ethics J]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>3-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[México:plan de Estudios (Sistema Escolarizado), Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>México:plan de Estudios 2016/Módulos de la Carrera de Médico Cirujano</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala UNAM]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[México:plan de Estudios de la Carrera de Médico Cirujano y partero del IPN]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[México:plan de Estudios de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[México:plan de Estudios de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Atutónoma de Guadalajara]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[México:mapa Curricular de la Carrera de Médico Cirujano de la Universidad Anahuac]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[México:plan de Estudios de la Carrera de Médico Cirujano de la Universidad La Salle]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nyquist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The hidden curriculum in health professional education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Chiropr Educ]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>48-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herbst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[deSante-Bertkau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ethical dilemmas at the beginning and end of life:a needs-based, experience-informed, small-group, case-based curriculum for pediatric residents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MedEdPORTAL]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>10895</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zanin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brierley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paediatric residents and fellows ethics (PERFEct) survey:perceptions of European trainees regarding ethical dilemmas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>181</volume>
<page-range>561-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bohm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Heest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gioe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Heest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of moral reasoning skills in the orthopaedic surgery resident applicant]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bone Joint Surg Am]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>96</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The failure of medical education to develop moral reasoning in medical students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Med Educ]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>219-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helkama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uutela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pohjanheimo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salminen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koponen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Moral reasoning and values in medical school:a longitudinal study in Finland]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scand J Educ Res]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>399-411</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Candee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheehan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Husted]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bargen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Moral reasoning and decisions in dilemmas of neonatal care]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Res]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>846-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sholikhah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Susani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prabandari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahayu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is there a relationship between personal reflection ability and moral reasoning ability in Indonesian medical students?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Med Educ]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>213-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maru&#353;i&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maru&#353;i&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regression of moral reasoning during medical education:combined design study to evaluate the effect of clinical study years]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>6</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amatriain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fariña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jorge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Vigencia del Modelo de James Rest Sobre el Desarrollo Moral y su Interés Para la Evaluación de la Conducta Ética. XI Congreso Internacional de Investigación y Práctica Profesional en Psicología. XXVI Jornadas de Investigación. XV Encuentro de Investigadores en Psicología del MERCOSUR. I Encuentro de Investigación de Terapia Ocupacional. I Encuentro de Musicoterapia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Facultad de Psicología - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batchelor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Creed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKeegan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A preliminary investigation into the moral reasoning abilities of UK veterinarians]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vet Rec]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>177</volume>
<page-range>124</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gillen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An investigation of final year pharmacy students'moral reasoning ability, and their views on professionalism and fitness to practice panel determinations:a questionnaire study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Pharm Teach Learn]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>652-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farias-Cortés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Vallejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillén-Díaz-Barriga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Riesgos y daños en la salud mental del personal sanitario por la atención a pacientes con COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Mex Urol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khoodoruth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Nuaimi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Salihy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghaffar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khoodoruth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ouanes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors associated with mental health outcomes among medical residents exposed to COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BJPsych Open]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>7</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loayssa Lara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz Moral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comportamiento profesional. Desde los dilemas y principios éticos a las actitudes, los valores y la disposición 'virtuosa'[Professional behaviour. From dilemmas and ethical principles to attitudes, values, and being 'well-disposed']]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aten Primaria]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>510-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachrach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blankenburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Finding meaning in medicine:pediatric residents'perspectives on humanism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>680-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monrouxe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rees]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antecedents and consequences of medical students'moral decision making during professionalism dilemmas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AMA J Ethics]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>568-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girela-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ética en la educación médica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[FEM]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>191-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guinchard]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La ética en la enseñanza de la medicina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Ortop Mex]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>257-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
