<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-1146</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-1146</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-11462021000300181</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/bmhim.20000148</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: How to protect the lungs during mechanical ventilation?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda pediátrica: ¿cómo proteger los pulmones durante la ventilación mecánica?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coronado-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Álvaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escalante-Kanashiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raffo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Texas Health Science Center Department of Pediatrics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Houston Texas]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital Pediatric Critical Care ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Houston Texas]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Departamento de Emergencias y Áreas Críticas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas Escuela de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>181</fpage>
<lpage>190</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-11462021000300181&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-11462021000300181&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-11462021000300181&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is a frequent diagnosis in critical care. This inflammatory process has different stages characterized by mild-to-severe hypoxia, and the management will vary according to the severity. New definitions for pediatric patients were published in 2015; new epidemiological evidence revising those definitions has helped understand the mortality associated with PARDS and the impact on ventilation. The strategies to protect the lungs during mechanical ventilation have been successful in reducing mortality and complications. In clinical situations where high levels of critical support are limited, other therapies with a lower level of evidence can be attempted to gain time without worsening the ongoing pulmonary injury. We offer a complete narrative revision of this syndrome, with the critical management of these patients as a priority.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda pediátrica (SDRAP) es un diagnóstico frecuente en cuidados intensivos. Este proceso inflamatorio se caracteriza por diferentes grados de hipoxia, de leve a grave, y el manejo varía de acuerdo con la gravedad. En 2015 se publicaron nuevas definiciones para pacientes pediátricos, así como nueva evidencia epidemiológica, que toma como punto de partida dichas definiciones, lo cual ha ayudado a entender la mortalidad asociada y el impacto del manejo ventilatorio con respecto a la morbilidad en este síndrome. Las estrategias que protegen los pulmones durante la ventilación mecánica han sido exitosas en reducir la mortalidad y las complicaciones subsecuentes. En situaciones en las que existen limitaciones que impiden suministrar altos niveles de soporte crítico se pueden implementar otras medidas de menor evidencia para ganar tiempo e impedir que se extiendan las lesiones pulmonares. A continuación, se ofrece una revisión narrativa completa de este síndrome, con un enfoque que prioriza el manejo crítico de estos pacientes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Artificial respiration/methods]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Respiratory distress syndrome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Adult]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prone position]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Acute lung injury]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pediatrics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Respiración artificial, métodos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Adulto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Posición prono]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Lesión pulmonar aguda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pediatría]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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