<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-1146</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-1146</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-11462018000200067</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/bmhim.m18000011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Infecciones del tracto urinario, inmunidad y vacunación]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Urinary tract infections, immunity, and vaccination]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna-Pineda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Córdova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ariadnna]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cázares-Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicenta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vélez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rigoberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xicohtencatl-Cortes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Fisiología Celular ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>75</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>78</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-11462018000200067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-11462018000200067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-11462018000200067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) se consideran como una de las principales causas de morbilidad en el mundo, y Escherichia coli uropatogénica (UPEC, por sus siglas en inglés) es el agente causal asociado a estas infecciones. La alta morbilidad generada por las ITU y la limitación de tratamientos debido al aumento de la resistencia bacteriana a los diversos antibióticos inducen la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas contra estas infecciones. El conocimiento que se ha generado acerca de la respuesta inmunitaria en el tracto urinario (TU) es importante para el desarrollo de estrategias efectivas en la prevención, el tratamiento y el control de las ITU. Los avances en las herramientas de biología molecular y bioinformática han permitido generar proteínas de fusión consideradas como biomoléculas potenciales para el desarrollo de una vacuna viable contra las ITU. Las adhesinas fimbriales (FimH, CsgA y PapG) de UPEC son factores de virulencia que contribuyen a la adherencia, la invasión y la formación de comunidades bacterianas intracelulares. Pocos estudios in vivo e in vitro han mostrado que las proteínas de fusión promueven una respuesta inmunitaria eficiente y de protección contra las ITU causadas por UPEC. Adicionalmente, la vía de inmunización intranasal con moléculas inmunogénicas ha generado una respuesta en la mucosa del TU en comparación contra otras vías de inmunización. El objetivo de esta revisión fue proponer un diseño de vacuna contra las ITU causadas por UPEC, describiendo el panorama general de la infección, el mecanismo de patogenicidad de la bacteria y la respuesta inmunitaria del huésped.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Urinary tract infections (UTI) are considered one of the main causes of morbidity worldwide, and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the etiological agent associated with these infections. The high morbidity produced by the UTI and the limitation of antibiotic treatments promotes the search for new alternatives against these infections. The knowledge that has been generated regarding the immune response in the urinary tract is important for the development of effective strategies in the UTI prevention, treatment, and control. Molecular biology and bioinformatic tools have allowed the construction of fusion proteins as biomolecules for the development of a viable vaccine against UTI. The fimbrial adhesins (FimH, CsgA, and PapG) of UPEC are virulence factors that contribute to the adhesion, invasion, and formation of intracellular bacterial communities. The generation of recombinant proteins from fimbrial adhesins as a single molecule is obtained by fusion technology. A few in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that fusion proteins provide an efficient immune response and protection against UTI produced by UPEC. Intranasal immunization of immunogenic molecules has generated a response in the urinary tract mucosa compared with other routes of immunization. The objective of this review was to propose a vaccine designed against UTI caused by UPEC, describing the general scenario of the infection, the mechanism of pathogenicity of bacteria, and the immune response of the host.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli uropatogénica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Adhesina fimbrial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Proteínas de fusión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Infecciones del tracto urinario]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Interleucina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Uropathogenic Escherichia coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fimbrial adhesion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fusion proteins]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Urinary tract infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Interleukin.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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