<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-109X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Sinéctica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Sinéctica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-109X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente, Departamento de Educación y Valores]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-109X2021000100108</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31391/s2007-7033(2021)0056-013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La lectura cuando fallan los procesos implicados. Déficits en el alumnado universitario]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Reading when the processes involved fail. Deficits in university students]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miriam]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valladolid Facultad de Educación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Extremadura Facultad de Educación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>56</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-109X2021000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-109X2021000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-109X2021000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La docencia universitaria pone al profesorado frente a las limitaciones del alumnado para leer con fluidez y comprender textos escritos. Con el propósito de conocer de manera objetiva los niveles lectores del alumnado universitario, se desarrolló, durante el curso académico 2018-2019, un estudio en el que participaron 264 estudiantes, matriculados en los cursos de 2º y 3º de los grados de Educación Primaria y Educación Infantil en la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Extremadura, a quienes se aplicó la prueba TECLE. Los resultados trazan un perfil poco afortunado del alumnado y establecen diferencias con logros mejores en Educación Infantil y en el grupo de edad de los 19 a los 20 años. Esto revela que muchos estudiantes no comprenden lo que están leyendo ni lo que han leído, a pesar de tener un largo recorrido como lectores y escritores en sus estudios previos. Por ello, es necesario replantearse los cometidos de la institución universitaria en este campo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstrac: The university teaching plays teachers in the face of the student&#8217;s limitations to read fluently and understand written texts. To know objectively the reading levels of university students, an investigation has been developed during the 2018-2019 academic year where 264 students have been participated, enrolled in the 2nd and 3rd courses of the Primary Education and Pre-School degrees in Education Faculty at University of Extremadura. The results obtained show an unfortunate profile of the students and make differences, if the results are compared between both Degrees, with better results in Pre-School degree and in 19-20 age range. This shows that many students do not know what they are reading, neither what they have read, despite having a long journey as readers throughout their previous studies. It is necessary to rethink the tasks of the university institution for all what this work refers.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lectura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[universidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[déficits]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comprensión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[práctica educativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reading]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[university]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[deficits]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[comprehension]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[educational practice]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abusamra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cartoceti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raiter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una perspectiva cognitiva en el estudio de la comprensión de textos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psico Porto Alegre, PUCRS]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>39</numero>
<issue>39</issue>
<page-range>352-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abusamra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casajús]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raiter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeBerni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comoldi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Leer para comprender. Desarrollo de la comprensión de textos]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baddeley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Working memory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Biology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>136-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreyro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Capacidad de la memoria de trabajo verbal. Validez y fiabilidad de una tarea de amplitud de lectura]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Interdisciplinaria]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>26</numero>
<issue>26</issue>
<page-range>207-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreyro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Injoque-Ricle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Formoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El rol de la memoria de trabajo y la atención sostenida en la generación de inferencias explicativas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Liberabit]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>233-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreyro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Injoque-Ricle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Formoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez- Drexler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Generación de inferencias explicativas en la comprensión de textos expositivos: el rol de la memoria de trabajo y el conocimiento previo específico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Suma Psicológica]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>17-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón-Ibáñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quijano-Peñuelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Características de comprensión lectora en estudiantes universitarios]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Estudios Socio-Jurídicos]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>337-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canet-Juric]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urquijo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richard&#8217;s]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictores cognitivos de niveles de comprensión lectora mediante análisis discriminante]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Psychological Research]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>99-111</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuetos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Psicología de la lectura]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Klowert]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuetos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arribas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[PROLEC-SE-R. Batería de Evaluación de los Procesos Lectores en Secundaria y Bachillerato, Revisada]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[TEA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuetos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arribas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[PROLEC-R. Batería de evaluación de los procesos lectores, Revisada]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[TEA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Defior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gottheil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldrey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pujals]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graciela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[LEE. Test de lectura y escritura en español]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ehri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of sight word reading: Phases and findings]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snowling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hulme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Science of Reading: A Handbook]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>135-54</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Blackwell Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Córdoba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Memoria operativa y lectura comprensiva: medición con pruebas de amplitud lectora y tipo cloze en ámbitos pre y universitarios]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Apertura]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>38-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clavijo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueroa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación diagnóstica en lectura y matemática a estudiantes que ingresan a carreras de la UDELAR en el CURE, el Noreste y en las facultades de Psicología y Ciencias Económicas]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CSIC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abusamra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casajús]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[China]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adaptación y estudio preliminar de un test breve para evaluar la eficacia lectora (TECLE)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Neuropsicologia Latinoamericana]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casajús]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[China]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Prueba breve para evaluar el nivel lector]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ II Congreso Internacional de Investigación y Práctica Profesional en Psicología XVII. Jornadas de Investigación. Sexto Encuentro de Investigadores en Psicología del Mercosur]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Buenos Aires </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Madruga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Memoria operativa, comprensión lectora y razonamiento en la educación secundaria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anuario de Psicología]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>133-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gernsbacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaschak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Text comprehension]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reisberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Psychology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>462-74</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford, UK ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Veiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Madruga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elosúa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comprensión lectora y procesos ejecutivos de la memoria operativa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psicología Educativa]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>103-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Moreyra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comprensión lectora en estudiantes universitarios iniciales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Persona]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>43-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Influye el desarrollo de la producción fonológica en el aprendizaje de la lectura?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Logopedia, Fonología y Audiología]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>XIX</numero>
<issue>XIX</issue>
<page-range>61-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Trujillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roldán Segura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arráez Román]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez Palma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segura Carretero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Eficiencia lectora: comparación alumnos universitarios de Ciencias Técnicas, Ciencias Experimentales y Letras, y alumnos de EE.MM]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Actas de las I Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente y Adaptación al EEES a las Titulaciones Técnicas]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>137-40</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Granada ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Godel Impresores Digitales, SL.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Memoria operativa, comprensión lectora, inteligencia y rendimiento escolar. Predominio del componente &#8220;fluido&#8221; en las medidas de memoria operativa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infancia y Aprendizaje: Journal for the Study of Education and Development]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>34</numero>
<issue>34</issue>
<page-range>465-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hudson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pullen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reading fluency assessment and instruction: What, why, and how?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Reading Teacher]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>58</numero>
<issue>58</issue>
<page-range>702-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias-Sarmiento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carriedo López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Updating executive function and performance in reading comprehension and problem solving]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anales de Psicología]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>298-309</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Irrazabal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreyro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bulla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La comprensión del texto digital expositivo en el aula virtual de aprendizaje]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectivas en Psicología: Revista de Psicología y Ciencias Afines]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>57-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kintsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comprehension. A paradigm for cognition]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Escribano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elosúa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Veiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Madruga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A predictive study of reading comprehension in third-grade Spanish students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psicothema]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>199-205</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makuc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teorías implícitas sobre comprensión textual y la competencia lectora de estudiantes de primer año de la Universidad de Magallanes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Pedagógicos]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>37</numero>
<issue>37</issue>
<page-range>237-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maldonado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandoval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comprensión lectora en la formación inicial docente: estudiantes de educación general básica en una universidad del Consejo de Rectores]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Folios]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>35</numero>
<issue>35</issue>
<page-range>33-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuadro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pagán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Léxico ortográfico y competencia lectora]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ciencias Psicológicas]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>I</numero>
<issue>I</issue>
<page-range>15-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Test Colectivo de Eficacia Lectora (TECLE)]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Diez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El andamiaje asistido en procesos de comprensión lectora en universitarios]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educación y Educadores]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>531-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda-Casas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Castellar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comprensión de textos de estudiantes con trastorno por déficit de atención/ hiperactividad: ¿qué papel desempeñan las funciones ejecutivas?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Neurología]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>50</numero>
<issue>50</issue>
<page-range>135-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neira Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riffo Ocares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experiencia académica y estrategias de comprensión lectora en estudiantes universitarios de primer año]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Literatura y Lingüística]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>221-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Río]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mellone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simonetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Eficacia de un programa de mejora de la comprensión lectora en educación primaria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Psicología y Educación]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>63-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Outón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las dificultades de exactitud y velocidad lectoras en escolares de segundo de educación primaria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Investigación en Educación]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>153-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paolieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macizo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bajo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of working memory in inferential sentence comprehension]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cognitive Processing]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>405-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perfetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ch.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reading ability: Lexical quality to comprehension]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientific Studies of Reading]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>357-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuetos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[PROLEC-SE. Evaluación de los procesos lectores en alumnos del tercer ciclo de educación primaria y secundaria]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[TEA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riedel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The relation between DIBELS, reading comprehension, and vocabulary in urban first-grade students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reading Research Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>42</numero>
<issue>42</issue>
<page-range>546-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riffo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experiencia académica y comprensión de textos especializados en estudiantes universitarios de ciencias políticas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Pedagógicos]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>38</numero>
<issue>38</issue>
<page-range>201-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueroa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de competencias al ingreso a la universidad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Temas de Educación]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>13-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandoval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maldonado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de habilidades en matemática y comprensión lectora en estudiantes que ingresan a pedagogía en educación básica: un estudio comparativo en dos universidades del Consejo de Rectores]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educar em Revista]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>73-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Irrazabal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comprensión de textos de ciencias en estudiantes universitarios: generación de inferencias causales durante la lectura]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Liberabit. Revista de Psicología]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>305-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Unsworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McMillan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mind wandering and reading comprehension: Examining the roles of working memory capacity, interest, motivation, and topic experience]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>39</numero>
<issue>39</issue>
<page-range>832-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallés Arándiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comprensión lectora y procesos psicológicos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Liberabit, Revista de Psicología]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>49-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
