<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-0565</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Espiral (Guadalajara)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Espiral (Guadalaj.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-0565</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-05652020000100009</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32870/eees.v27i77.7096</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los desafíos metodológicos en el estudio de las alianzas electorales subnacionales]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Methodological challenges in the study of subnational electoral coalitions]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa Santiago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Orlando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ulises]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) Instituto de Ciencias de Gobierno y Desarrollo Estratégico (ICGDE) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) Instituto de Ciencias de Gobierno y Desarrollo Estratégico (ICGDE) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Iberoamericana Santa Fe ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>77</numero>
<fpage>9</fpage>
<lpage>40</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-05652020000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-05652020000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-05652020000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo parte de las tensiones metodológicas registradas en la literatura reciente sobre alianzas electorales entre estudios cuantitativos y los registros empíricos de elecciones donde no se cumplen las expectativas teóricas. Buscando encontrar las razones de esta anomalía, se propone identificar los factores que inhiben el efecto de las variables independientes -los llamados mecanismos causales-, a partir de estudios de caso. En este sentido, el artículo expone el giro metodológico al respecto, previa revisión de las limitaciones de los estudios cuantitativos y la necesidad de complementarlos desde una aproximación cualitativa. Mediante un ejemplo de selección intencionada de observaciones, se visualiza la riqueza del ejercicio metodológico para posteriores estudios. Se concluye que los casos típicos, atípicos, de contraste típico-atípico y de máxima variación pueden afinar el conocimiento sobre los mecanismos y condiciones que posibilitan las alianzas electorales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article is based on the methodological tensions recorded in the recent literature on pre-electoral coalitions between quantitative studies and the empirical records of elections where theoretical expectations are not met. In order to find the reasons for this anomaly, it is proposed to identify the factors that inhibit the effect of independent variables -the so-called causal mechanisms, based on case studies. In this sense, the article exposes the methodological turn in this regard, after reviewing the limitations of quantitative studies and the need to complement them from a qualitative approach. Through an example of intentional selection of observations, the richness of the methodological exercise for subsequent studies is visualized. It is concluded that the typical, atypical, typical-atypical contrast and maximum variation cases can refine the Knowledge about the mechanisms and conditions that enable pre-electoral coalitions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metodología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alianzas electorales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[elecciones subnacionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estudios de caso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[selección intencionada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Methodology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pre-electoral coalitions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[subnational elections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[case studies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intentional selection]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aylott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Overcoming the fear of commitment: Pre-electoral coalitions in Norway and Sweden]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta política]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>259-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bäck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dumont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combining Large-n and Small-n Strategies:The Way forward in Coalition Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[West European Politics]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>467-501</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Church]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Natural because it had become just that. Path dependence in pre-electoral pacts and government formation: A New Zealand case study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Australian journal of political science]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>481-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bril-Mascarenhas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maillet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayaux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Process tracing.Inducción,deducción e inferencia causal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de ciencia política]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>659-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Proceso electoral y alternancia en Guerrero]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Base de datos de resultados electorales 1985-2012 del Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo, A. C.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clerici]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alianzas cruzadas en Argentina. Una aproximación causal desde la teoría]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencia política]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>8-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clerici]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scherlis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La regulación de las alianzas electorales y sus consecuencias en sistemas políticos multinivel en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista electrónica del Instituto de Investigaciones Ambrosio L. Gioja]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>77-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Construcción de coaliciones electorales en escenarios desnacionalizados. Un aporte teórico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de estudios políticos]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>184</numero>
<issue>184</issue>
<page-range>161-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De la Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las elecciones para gobernador en México, 2016: una aproximación comparativa]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdiviezo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Elecciones bajo nuevas reglas. Cambios y continuidades en los comicios locales. México 2016]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>503-27</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UAA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Della Porta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative analysis: case oriented versus variable oriented research]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Della Porta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keating]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Approaches and methodologies in the social sciences. A pluralist perspective (pp. 198-222)]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Devoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[y Olmeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Juntos pero revueltos. Estrategias electorales y coaliciones partidarias para la elección de diputados locales en los estados mexicanos (2000-2016)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia internacional]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>90</numero>
<issue>90</issue>
<page-range>157-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diego Reynoso. La estrategia dominante. Alianzas electorales en los estados mexicanos 1988- 2011. Buenos Aires: Flacso Argentina, Teseo, 2011, pp. 298]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foro internacional]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>222-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fearon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laitin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Methods]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Box-Steffensmeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brady]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>756-76</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Elecciones y alternancia. Guerrero 2005]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Nuevo Horizonte Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gandhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reuter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Incentives for Pre-electoral Coalitions in Non-democratic Elections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Democratization]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>137-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tamaulipas 1992: la alianza PAN-PRD]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D. Reynoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. Espinosa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Alianzas contra natura o antihegemónicas? Las alianzas PAN-PRD en los estados mexicanos]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>89-105</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tirant Lo Blanch]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[George]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What is a Case Study and What is it Good for?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>341-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Case Study Research. Principles and Practices]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Case Selection for Case Study Analysis: Qualitative and Quantitative Techniques]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Box-Steffensmeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brady]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>645-84</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goertz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahoney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Tale of Two Cultures. Qualitative and Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pre-electoral Coalitions in Comparative Perspective: A Test of Existing Hypotheses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Electoral Studies]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>643-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pre-electoral Coalition Formation in Parliamentary Democracies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Journal of Political Science]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>193-212</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El exordio de las dinámicas aliancistas: la coalición demócrata potosina (1991)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Alianzas contra natura o antihegemónicas? Las alianzas PAN-PRD en los estados mexicanos]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>67-87</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tirant Lo Blanch]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harmel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An Integrated Theory of Party Goals and Party Change]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Theoretical Politics]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>259-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kellam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why Pre-Electoral Coalitions in Presidential Systems?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Journal of Political Science]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>391-411</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[King]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keohane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El diseño de la investigación social]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Minimum Winning Electoral Coalitions under Presidentialism: Reality or Fiction? The Case of Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American Politics and Society]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>87-110</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coaliciones preelectorales y competencia partidista en México a nivel federal y local (1994-2011)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Política y gobierno]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>147-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El efecto del Gobierno dividido vertical sobre la formación de alianzas divergentes en los estados mexicanos, 1994-2013]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Flacso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las alianzas electorales en México: una práctica política]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista legislativa de estudios sociales y de opinión pública]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>9-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Qualitative-Quantitative: Exploring the Interactive Continuum]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Southern Illinois University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oñate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Índices e indicadores del sistema electoral y del sistema de partidos. Una propuesta informática para su cálculo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista española de investigaciones sociológicas]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<numero>86</numero>
<issue>86</issue>
<page-range>223-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reveles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El PAN y sus alianzas en el 2010]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Cotidiano]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>165</numero>
<issue>165</issue>
<page-range>61-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alianzas electorales y contingentes legislativos en los estados mexicanos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de sociología]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>113-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aprendiendo a competir: alianzas electorales y margen de victoria en los estados mexicanos, 1988-2006]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Política y gobierno]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Puebla 2010: ¿triunfo de la coalición o fracaso del continuismo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Cotidiano]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>165</numero>
<issue>165</issue>
<page-range>19-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Alianzas contra natura o antihegemónicas? Las alianzas PAN-PRD en los estados mexicanos]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tirant Lo Blanch]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vennesson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Case studies and process tracing: theories and practices]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Della Porta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keating]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Approaches and methodologies in the social sciences. A pluralist perspective]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>223-39</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Offices and policies -Why do oppositional parties form pre-electoral coalitions in competitive authoritarian regimes?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Electoral studies]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>30</numero>
<issue>30</issue>
<page-range>642-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
