<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-0565</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Espiral (Guadalajara)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Espiral (Guadalaj.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-0565</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-05652019000300233</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32870/eees.v26i76.7097</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La demanda moral hacia los políticos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Moral demand on politicians]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>76</numero>
<fpage>233</fpage>
<lpage>272</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-05652019000300233&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-05652019000300233&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-05652019000300233&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo explora la reciente hipótesis de la existencia de una demanda moral hacia los políticos en México. Se parte de estudios y estadísticas en torno al descontento social al respecto, y se anticipa cómo la moral es valiosa pero vulnerable, y que su trasgresión genera animadversión. Metodológicamente, el trabajo se apoya en la teoría durkhemiana, entrevistas y una encuesta. Se concluye que como los gobernantes son figuras públicas y electas, se constituyen en objeto de intenso escrutinio moral, más allá de sus funciones oficiales dictadas por ley.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article explores the recent hypothesis of a moral demand on Mexican politicians. Studies and statistics are used as a basis to show social political disenchantment, and we anticipate how morality is valuable but vulnerable, and how any transgression generates animosity. Durkheim's theory, interviews and a survey integrate methodology. We concluded that as political figures are public and elected, they are subjects of intense moral scrutiny beyond their official and legal functions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desencanto político]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[opinión pública]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[percepción ciudadana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[moral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[partidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Political disenchantment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[public opinion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[citizen's perception]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[moral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[parties]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Civil Culture]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Partidos y cultura política]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cultura política y educación cívica]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>115-84</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CIIH-UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El movimiento anulista en 2009 y la abstención]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Espiral estudios sobre Estado y sociedad]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>47</numero>
<issue>47</issue>
<page-range>9-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Converse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stokes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The American Voter]]></source>
<year>1960</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Consulta Mitofsky</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[AMLO, en el top 5 global de aceptación y segundo en América]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Economista]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reflexiones sobre el desencanto democrático. El caso de los partidos políticos y los jóvenes en la Ciudad de México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sociológica]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>61</numero>
<issue>61</issue>
<page-range>95-133</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Apoyo a la democracia en jóvenes estudiantes de la Ciudad de México. Estudio sobre el desencanto ciudadano juvenil con las instituciones de la democracia mexicana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Polis]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>107-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Douglas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pureza y peligro]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durkheim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las reglas del método sociológico]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Quinto Sol]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durkheim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las formas elementales de la vida religiosa]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Coyoacán]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durkheim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La división del trabajo social]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colofón]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sociología fundamental]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El malestar de la democracia en México]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Plaza y Valdez]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garfinkel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Studies in ethnomethodology]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva Jersey ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice-Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guardado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La identidad partidista en México. Las dimensiones políticas de la competencia en las elecciones presidenciales de 2000 y 2006]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Política y Gobierno]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>137-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Buenos ciudadanos que no votan: mecanismos entre desencanto y abstención]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sociológica]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>32</numero>
<issue>32</issue>
<page-range>141-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La desaprobación del Gobierno mexicano. Más que ineficiencia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Espiral estudios sobre Estado y sociedad]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>72</numero>
<issue>72</issue>
<page-range>83-121</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Moral Emotions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davidson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scherer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldsmith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of Affective Sciences]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>852-70</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hertz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Death and the right hand]]></source>
<year>1960</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Gran Bretaña ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The University Press Aberdeen]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lijphart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Patterns of democracy]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Haven ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lodge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Automaticity of Affect for Political Leaders, Groups, and Issues: An Experimental Test of the Hot Cognition Hypothesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Political Psychology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>455-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mandelbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social uses of funeral rites]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiefel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The meaning of death]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
<page-range>189-217</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las elecciones intermedias del 2003: entre el desencanto político y la crisis de representación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Cotidiano]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>55-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ideología y voto: dimensiones de la competencia política en México en los noventa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Política y Gobierno]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>VI</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>45-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La decisión electoral. Votantes, partidos y democracia en México]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La identificación partidista en las elecciones presidenciales de 2000 y 2006 en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Política y Gobierno]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>XIV</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>43-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rasmussen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spirituality and religiosity: Relative relationships to death anxiety]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Omega]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>313-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schedler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarsfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Demócratas iliberales. Configuraciones contradictorias de apoyo a la democracia en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Espiral estudios sobre Estado y sociedad]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>44</numero>
<issue>44</issue>
<page-range>123-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skinner-Burchus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencia y conducta humana]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fontanella]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torcal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Political disaffection and democratization history in new democracies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torcal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Political disaffection in contemporary democracies: social capital, institutions and politics]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>157-89</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rutledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economía y sociedad]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zovatto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Valores, percepciones y actitudes hacia la democracia. Una visión comparada latinoamericana: 1996-2002]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[América Latina hoy]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>29-53</numero>
<issue>29-53</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zovatto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La participación electoral en América Latina: tendencias y perspectivas]]></article-title>
<collab>Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Memoria del IV Congreso Internacional de Derecho Electoral. Cultura democrática: abstencionismo y participación]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>23-50</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
