<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-888X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[TIP. Revista especializada en ciencias químico-biológicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[TIP]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-888X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-888X2007000100014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Preparación y evaluación in vitro de nanopartículas poliméricas biodegradables como agente de contraste para ultrasonido]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Preparation and in vitro evaluation of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as ultrasound contrast agent]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Néstor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piñón-Segundo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganem-Quintanar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintanar-Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>14</fpage>
<lpage>20</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-888X2007000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-888X2007000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-888X2007000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los agentes de contraste para ultrasonido hasta ahora disponibles en el mercado, no permiten la detección eficiente de tumores en diversos órganos, la miniaturización de este tipo de sistemas a escala nanométrica podría resolver este problema. La finalidad de este trabajo fue la adaptación del método de desplazamiento de solvente que permitiera la preparación de nanopartículas "huecas", a partir de la encapsulación de un núcleo sublimable (naftaleno), para después caracterizarlas desde el punto de vista de tamaño, densidad y morfología, así como llevar a cabo su evaluación in vitro mediante un sistema de ultrasonido comercial. Las nanopartículas preparadas tuvieron un diámetro entre 50-400 nm logrando una eficiencia de entrampamiento del 66.55% de naftaleno. Mediante liofilización se retiró un 98% de la cantidad de naftaleno encapsulada, sin embargo, de acuerdo con las micrografias obtenidas por microscopía electrónica de barrido y de transmisión no se evidenció la presencia de huecos en la matriz polimèrica además la densidad fue similar para las preparaciones con naftaleno y nanoesferas formadas únicamente con polímero, por otro lado, los resultados de la evaluación in vitro sugieren un aumento en la ecogenicidad de las preparaciones que contienen nanopartículas, en comparación con aquellas soluciones en donde no están presentes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Ultrasound contrast agents available in the market do not allow the efficient detection of tumors in diverse organs. The miniaturization of this kind of systems on nanometric scale could solve this problem. The purpose of this work was to adapt the solvent displacement method in order to obtain the "hollow" nanoparticles from the encapsulation of a sublimate nucleus (naphthalene), characterizing them for their size, density and morphology. An in vitro evaluation by means of a commercial ultrasound system was also performed. Nanoparticles with a diameter of 50-400 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 66.55% of naphthalene were obtained. Lyophilization allow to take off 98% of the encapsulated amount of naphthalene, however, the micrographs obtained by scanning electronic microscopy and transmission, did not demonstrate the presence of pores or hollows in the polymeric matrix. In addition, the density of the preparations with naphthalene was similar to the systems with nanospheres formed only by polymer. Nevertheless, in vitro results suggest an increase in echogenicity for those preparations containing nanoparticles, in comparison with those solutions without nanoparticles.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Agentes de contraste]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desplazamiento de solvente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[liofilización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nanopartículas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ultrasonido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Contrast agents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[solvent displacement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lyophilization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nanoparticles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ultrasound]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<page-range>83-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
