<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-8421</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Economía, sociedad y territorio]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Econ. soc. territ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-8421</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio Mexiquense A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-84212017000100063</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22136/est002017718</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Instituciones y desarrollo municipal: un análisis multinivel]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Institutions and municipal development: a multilevel analysis]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millán-Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha Paola]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio Mexiquense, A. C.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio Mexiquense A. C.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>53</numero>
<fpage>63</fpage>
<lpage>86</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-84212017000100063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-84212017000100063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-84212017000100063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La importancia de las instituciones ha sido una de las respuestas a la búsqueda de las causas profundas del desarrollo, más allá de los factores económicos tradicionalmente invocados. Para probar la superioridad de aquellas variables sobre estos últimos, se desarrollan siete modelos multinivel aplicados a los municipios mexicanos. Se concluye que la democratización, el sistema de justicia y gobierno, así como las instituciones de innovación superan a la productividad, a la inversión y al progreso técnico al explicar las diferencias en los niveles de desarrollo municipal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The importance of institutions has been an answer to the search of deep causes of development, beyond economic factors traditionally invoked. To prove the superiority of those variables over the later ones, seven multilevel models applied to Mexican municipalities are developed. It is concluded that democratization, criminal justice and government system, and innovation institutions surpass labor productivity, investment, and technical progress, when explaining the differences on municipal levels of development.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[instituciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[municipal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[multinivel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[institutions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[municipal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[multilevel]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acemoglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daron]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Why nation fail. The origins of prosperity, power, and poverty]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Crown Publisher]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The colonial origins of comparative development: an empirical investigation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acemoglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daron]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Simon]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1369-401</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[American Economic Association]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uncertainty, evolution and economic theory]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alchian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Armen A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Political Economy]]></source>
<year>1950</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<page-range>211-21</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Chicago University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John Luke]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sachs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jeffrey]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mellinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrew]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geography and economic develoment]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<page-range>1-81</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Bureau of Economic Research]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A primer on multilevel modeling]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrew F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Human Communication Research]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>385-410</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Communication Association]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Inegi</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Censos económicos]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>IMCO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Indice de competitividad estatal 2014. Las reformas y los estados. Base de datos de 2010]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koutsoyianis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Microeconomía moderna]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Amorrortu]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the mechanics of economic development]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Monetary Economics]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-42</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Pittsburgh ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Carnegie Mellon University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[En la cuerda floja. Vulnerabildad hacia la pobreza y fragilidad laboral en México]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Toluca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio Mexiquense, A. C.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Política y desarrollo. Las instituciones en sociedades heterogéneas]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Toluca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio Mexiquense, A. C.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neoliberalismo y transición en México]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Toluca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio Mexiquense, A. C.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[North]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Douglas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Instituciones, cambio institucional y desempeño económico]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[North]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Douglas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estructura y cambio en la historia económica]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Como ajustar e interpretar modelos multinivel con SPSS]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Angel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San Marti&#769;n]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Psicothema]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>308-21</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oviedo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Oviedo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pizarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La vulnerabilidad social y sus desafíos: una mirada desde América Latina]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>PNUD</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Índice de desarrollo humano municipal]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principios de economía política y tributación]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dani]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subramanian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arvind]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trebbi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francesco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Institutions rule: the primacy of institutions over integration and geography in economic development]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<page-range>1-47</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Monetary Fund]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The origins of endogenous growth]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Perspectives]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-22</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[American Economic Association]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A contribution to the theory of economic growth]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Quarterly Journal of Economics]]></source>
<year>1956</year>
<page-range>65-94</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
