<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-7743</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería, investigación y tecnología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. invest. y tecnol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-7743</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ingeniería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-77432024000300104</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fi.25940732e.2024.25.3.020</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Utilization of low-cost water content sensors in compaction tests]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Uso de sensores de bajo costo para contenido de agua en pruebas de compactación]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras-Ferreyra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dante Uriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez-Negrete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pastor-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nelio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Facultad de Ingeniería Civil Departamento de Vías Terrestres]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Facultad de Ingeniería Civil Departamento de Vías Terrestres]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Facultad de Ingeniería Civil Departamento de Ciencias Básicas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-77432024000300104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-77432024000300104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-77432024000300104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The common practice of measuring the water content of any soil mass involves a gravimetric methodology by obtaining the dry and wet mass of a soil-water mixture. In terms of execution, this procedure is simple but time-consuming. Therefore, other techniques could be applied, including devices such as sensors to obtain the water contents of soil. There are plenty of sensors in the market whose purpose is to obtain volumetric water content, which is a fundamental parameter of unsaturated soil mechanics. In the present research, three different low-cost volumetric water content sensors were evaluated in Proctor compaction tests. The soil used in this work corresponds to sandy soil, with a fair amount of gravel and fine material (SM). The interface of the sensors was done via an Arduino UNO board, and the data was processed and displayed using Python code. The findings of this research are presented in terms of calibration curves and linear correlation coefficients. Furthermore, a sensor repeatability test was performed in order to evaluate the accuracy of these types of sensors. The results obtained indicate that these low-cost sensors may not be the most recommended devices to use in sandy soils within the context of this specific geotechnical application.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Comúnmente, la medición del contenido de agua de cualquier masa de suelo se basa en una metodología gravimétrica, evaluando la masa seca y húmeda de una mezcla de suelo y agua. En términos de ejecución, este procedimiento es simple pero muy tardado. Por lo tanto, otras técnicas pudieran ser aplicables para la medición del contenido de agua en suelos, incluyendo el uso de dispositivos tales como sensores. Existen muchos sensores en el mercado cuyo propósito es obtener el contenido volumétrico de agua, el cual es un parámetro fundamental en la mecánica de suelos parcialmente saturados. En esta investigación, se evaluaron tres sensores diferentes de bajo costo para contenido volumétrico de agua, en pruebas de compactación Proctor. El suelo utilizado en este trabajo corresponde a un suelo arenoso, con una moderada cantidad de grava y finos (SM). La interfaz de los sensores se llevó a cabo a través de una tarjeta Arduino UNO, y la información fue procesada y presentada usando un código de Python. Los resultados de esta investigación son presentados en términos de curvas de calibración y coeficientes de correlación lineal. Además, se realizó una prueba de repetibilidad para evaluar la precisión de este tipo de sensores. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que este tipo de sensores de bajo costo quizá no sean los dispositivos más recomendados para usar en arenas en el contexto de esta aplicación geotécnica específica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Volumetric water content]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[compaction tests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[moisture sensor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Arduino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Python]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sensor accuracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Contenido volumétrico de agua]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pruebas de compactación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sensores de humedad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Arduino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Python]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[precisión de sensores]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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