<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-7743</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería, investigación y tecnología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. invest. y tecnol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-7743</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ingeniería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-77432024000300102</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fi.25940732e.2024.25.3.018</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Revisión de casos de identificación y estabilización química de suelos dispersivos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Review of identification and chemical stabilization cases of dispersive soils]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Ezquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cesar Augusto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Facultad de Ingeniería División de Estudios de Posgrado]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Querétaro ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Facultad de Ingeniería División de Estudios de Posgrado]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Querétaro ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-77432024000300102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-77432024000300102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-77432024000300102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En la naturaleza existen suelos que son problemáticos para las obras civiles debido a las deformaciones volumétricas que sufren con la variación del contenido de humedad, entre ellos se encuentran los suelos dispersivos. Este tipo de suelos, presentan un alto contenido en sodio por lo cual entra fácilmente en suspensión en presencia con el agua. Esto genera erosión rápida e inesperada, incluso si el flujo es lento, ocasionando inestabilidad en la estructura del suelo, viéndose reflejado en asentamientos diferenciales que causan daños a las obras civiles que utilizan este material como desplante sin un tratamiento previo. La identificación temprana de los suelos dispersivos permite poder tomar mejores decisiones durante el diseño y procesos constructivos para evitar los problemas que ocasionan. Se realizó una revisión de métodos para la identificación de este tipo de material, entre las cuales están pruebas físicas como: La Prueba de Crumb, Doble Hidrómetro, Prueba Pinhole y pruebas químicas como: Porcentaje de Sodio Intercambiable, Relación de Absorción de Sodio y el Método Químico de Sherard. Sin embargo, por el tipo de equipo y tiempos necesarios en estas pruebas continúa siendo imposible realizarlas en campo, por lo que la prueba de Crumb es más práctica en esta situación. También se mencionan algunos aditivos para la estabilización química de suelos dispersivos, utilizados con la finalidad de reducir o eliminar esta propiedad perjudicial. Los aditivos utilizados son sulfato de aluminio, material puzolánico, cenizas volcánicas tipo C y cal. La dispersividad del suelo aplicando 5 % de material puzolánico se reduce 25.79 %, con 7 y 9 % de cal se reduce 26.60 y 36 %, respectivamente, mientras que con un 10 % de ceniza volcánica tipo C y 3 % de sulfato de aluminio se reduce 100 %. Es necesario realizar una evaluación económica de la estabilización química con los aditivos mencionados para obtener una relación costo-beneficio que nos permita valorar cuál aditivo es más recomendable.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In nature there are soils that are problematic for civil works due to the volumetric deformations that they suffer with the variation in moisture content, among them are dispersive soils. This type of soil has a high sodium content, which is why it easily enters suspension in the presence of water. This generates rapid and unexpected erosion, even if the flow is slow, causing instability in the soil structure, which is reflected in differential settlements that cause damage to civil works that use this material as soil without prior treatment. The early identification of dispersive soils allows better decisions to be made during the design and construction processes to avoid the problems they cause. A review of methods for the identification of this type of material was carried out, among which are physical tests such as; the Crumb Test, Double Hydrometer, Pinhole Test and chemical tests such as; Exchangeable Sodium Percentage, Sodium Absorption Ratio and the Sherard Chemical Method. However, due to the type of equipment and times required for these tests, it is still impossible to perform them in the field, so the Crumb test is more practical in this situation. Some additives for the chemical stabilization of dispersive soils, used with the purpose of reducing or eliminating this harmful property, are also mentioned. The additives used are: aluminum sulfate, pozzolanic material, type C volcanic ash and lime. The dispersivity of the soil applying 5 % of pozzolanic material is reduced by 25.79 %, with 7 and 9 % of lime it is reduced by 26.60 and 36 % respectively, while with 10 % of type C volcanic ash and 3 % of aluminum sulfate it is reduced 100 %. It is necessary to carry out an economic evaluation of the chemical stabilization with the aforementioned additives to obtain a cost-benefit ratio that allows us to assess which additive is most recommended.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Suelos dispersivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[grado de dispersión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pruebas físicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pruebas químicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estabilización química]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dispersive soils]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[degree of dispersion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[physical tests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chemical tests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chemical stabilization]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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