<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-7743</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería, investigación y tecnología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. invest. y tecnol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-7743</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ingeniería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-77432024000100006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fi.25940732e.2024.25.1.006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Reparación de daños sísmicos en un edificio escolar con base en análisis riesgo/beneficio]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Retrofit of seismic damage on a school building based on risk/benefit analysis]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León-Escobedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David De]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-77432024000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-77432024000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-77432024000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La generación de normas de reparación de daños sísmicos en estructuras escolares de México vive apenas etapas tempranas. En el presente trabajo se presenta una formulación basada en el balance entre riesgo, medido a través de costos esperados en el ciclo de vida, y el beneficio, mantener la probabilidad de falla por debajo de la probabilidad objetivo para proponer el nivel de seguridad que se acerque al óptimo desde el punto de vista de largo plazo. Se obtienen las respuestas sísmicas del edificio y se calculan las probabilidades de falla asociadas al espectro sísmico de los próximos 50 años. Se propusieron tres técnicas alternativas para reparar los miembros dañados. Cada tipo de reparación se aplicó de modo que se alcanzara aproximadamente la probabilidad de falla objetivo. Esto se realizó mediante aproximaciones sucesivas donde se proponen nuevas dimensiones y tamaños de refuerzos, se recalcula la respuesta sísmica y se obtiene una nueva probabilidad de falla, que es inferior a la calculada anteriormente. Los ensayos terminan cuando la probabilidad de falla es ligeramente inferior al valor objetivo. Este valor objetivo se obtiene de la minimización del costo esperado en el ciclo de vida. Se calculan los costos esperados en el ciclo de vida, para cada una de las técnicas de reparación, incluyendo los costos asociados a las consecuencias de falla de la estructura. La técnica de reparación a elegir es la que corresponde al menor costo esperado. Se aplicó este procedimiento a una escuela ubicada en el estado de Oaxaca.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The generation of norms for seismic retrofit on school buildings in Mexico is living now an early stage. The present work presents a formulation based on the balance between risk, measured through the expected life-cycle cost, and the benefit, by keeping the failure probability under the objective threshold, in order to propose the safety level close enough to its optimal value from the longterm viewpoint. Building seismic responses are obtained and the failure probabilities for the 50 years earthquake are calculated. Three alternative retrofit techniques are proposed to repair the damage members and each level of retrofit is chosen to approximately meet the target failure probability. This is achieved through several trials where the new dimensions of cross sections and reinforcement sizes are proposed, the response analyses provide new actions and the failure probability is reduced relative to the last value. The trials end when the failure probability is slightly below the target value. This target value is obtained from the minimization of the expected life-cycle cost. The expected life-cycle costs are calculated, for the three alternative retrofit techniques, including the costs of failure consequences. The selected repair technique is the one that corresponds to the minimum expected life-cycle cost. An application to a school located in the state of Oaxaca illustrates the procedure.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escuela dañada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[peligro sísmico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[probabilidad de falla]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[costo esperado en el ciclo de vida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Damaged school]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seismic hazard]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[failure probability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[expected life-cycle cost]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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