<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-7743</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería, investigación y tecnología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. invest. y tecnol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-7743</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ingeniería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-77432022000200102</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fi.25940732e.2022.23.2.010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Adaptation of the alginate production process for the brown alga Sargassum horridum (Fucales: Sargassaceae)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Adaptación del proceso de producción de alginato para el alga café Sargassum horridum (Fucales: Sargassaceae)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loa-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ixchel Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Montesinos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yoloxochitl Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arvizu-Higuera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dora Luz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Carmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Mar  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Puerto Ángel Oaxaca]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-77432022000200102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-77432022000200102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-77432022000200102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The genus Sargassum is a brown alga which is abundant in México, in the Gulf of California and the Caribbean Sea. The large biomass could be used to production of alginate, a polysaccharide with properties which allow it to form a thick solution or gels for different industries, such as for pharmaceutical and food products. The alginate production process may have some modifications, depending on the type of alga that is used as raw material, reducing water consumption and increasing the alginate yield and quality. In this research, the amount of water and reagents was optimized, reducing the volumes in the production process, based on the volumes used to process the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. Hydration was reduced from 1 : 10 to 1 : 4 (part of alga : volume of chemical), acid pre-extraction from 1 : 10 to 1 : 5, extraction from 1 : 16 to 1 : 10, and dilution from 1 : 55 to 1 : 15; bleaching was improved from very dark brown to pale brown. The main reason that reduction is possible is that Sargassum has a more rigid cell wall than Macrocystis, absorbing less water and producing less viscosity. Although the alginate viscosity is relatively low, some applications require low viscosity solutions. However, the gel strength reached up to 1906 g cm&#8722;2, which may compete with other alginates to produce gelling products. To avoid the use of hydrochloric acid and decrease the contamination of wastewater in the process, the acid pre-extraction stage was changed for a neutral pre-cooking stage, resulting in an increase of the alginate yield from 8.3 % to 13.5 %; the viscosity was normally kept low, but the gel strength increased up to 2400 g cm&#8722;2.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El género Sargassum es un alga parda que abunda en México, tanto en el Golfo de California como en el Mar Caribe. La gran biomasa podría usarse para la producción de alginato, un polisacárido con propiedades para formar soluciones viscosas o geles para diferentes industrias, como las farmacéuticas y de alimentos. El proceso de producción de alginato puede tener algunas modificaciones, dependiendo del tipo de alga que se utiliza como materia prima, reduciendo el consumo de agua e incrementando el rendimiento y la calidad del alginato. En esta investigación se optimizó la cantidad de agua y de reactivos, reduciendo los volúmenes en el proceso de producción, que se basaron en los volúmenes utilizados para procesar el alga gigante Macrocystis pyrifera. La hidratación se redujo de 1:10 a 1:4 (parte de alga: volumen de producto químico); pre-extracción ácida de 1:10 a 1:5, extracción de 1:16 a 1:10, dilución de 1:55 a 1:15 y blanqueamiento de marrón muy oscuro a marrón pálido. La razón principal que hace posible esta reducción es que Sargassum tiene una pared celular más rígida que Macrocystis, adsorbe menos agua y produce alginato con menor viscosidad. Aunque los valores de viscosidad son relativamente bajos, algunas aplicaciones requieren soluciones de baja viscosidad. Sin embargo, la fuerza de gel alcanzó hasta 1906 g cm-2, la cual puede competir con otros alginatos para producir productos con propiedades gelificantes. Para evitar el uso de ácido clorhídrico y disminuir la contaminación de las aguas residuales en el proceso, se experimentó la eliminación de la etapa de pre-extracción ácida y en su lugar se realizó una etapa de precocción neutra, aumentando el rendimiento de 8.3 a 13.5 %, la viscosidad se mantuvo normalmente baja, pero la fuerza de gel aumentó hasta 2400 g cm-2.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Process]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[polysaccharide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[alginate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[yield]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[viscosity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gel strength]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Proceso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polisacárido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alginato]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rendimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[viscosidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fuerza de gel]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alginate from the macroalgae Sargassum sinicola as a novel source for microbial immobilization material in wastewater treatment and plant growth promotion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Phycology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>43-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
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<person-group person-group-type="author">
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<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
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<source><![CDATA[Biostatistical Analysis]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice-Hall]]></publisher-name>
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