<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-7743</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería, investigación y tecnología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. invest. y tecnol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-7743</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ingeniería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-77432016000300395</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Emulsificación de petróleo crudo para su trasporte por oleoductos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Crude Oil Emulsification for Pipeline Transportation]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erich]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Apodaca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>395</fpage>
<lpage>403</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-77432016000300395&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-77432016000300395&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-77432016000300395&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El agotamiento de las reservas convencionales y el incremento de la demanda de petróleo crudo a nivel mundial originaron constantes innovaciones en los procesos de exploración, producción y trasporte en la industria petrolera. El petróleo pesado y extra pesado, representan una significativa fracción del total de las reservas conocidas. Los oleoductos son sistemas eficientes y económicos para su trasporte, sin embargo, el trasiego de crudo pesado y extra pesado se torna engorroso debido a su elevada viscosidad. Las emulsiones del petróleo con soluciones de tensoactivo resultan eficientes y económicamente viables cuando se elaboran de acuerdo con parámetros que optimizan su uso. La aplicación de esta técnica exige la estabilidad de las emulsiones durante el periodo de bombeo y su completa separación después de transportado el crudo. En el presente trabajo se emulsionaron dos ejemplares de petróleo crudo, utilizando el surfactante no-iónico Tritón X-100 como agente emulsionante. Se analizaron como factores experimentales el contenido de oil, la concentración de tensoactivo, la velocidad de agitación y el tiempo de agitación, asimismo, como variables de respuesta, rectoras de los procesos de trasiego y separación del crudo, la viscosidad y la estabilidad de la emulsión, respectivamente. Los resultados experimentales permiten identificar los factores que mayor influencia presentan sobre las variables de respuesta.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Piping systems (pipelines) are efficient and safe for transporting crude oil. Millions of kilometers of them have been installed and are in operation all over the world. A large amount of crude oil exhibits rheological behavior that impedes the transfer in nature; hence, the need to study techniques for improving the fluidity of the crude. Emulsions of oil with surfactant solutions are efficient and economically viable when processed using parameters that optimize their use. The application of this technique requires stability of the emulsions during the pumping period and their complete separation after transporting the crude. In this paper, two crude oils and the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 were used. The experimental results allow to identify the factors that have most influence on the pumping and separation process.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emulsión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fluidez]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[soluciones de tensoactivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[viscosidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[emulsion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fluidity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[surfactant solutions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[viscosity]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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