<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-7425</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Papeles de población]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Pap. poblac]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-7425</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados de la Población]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-74252021000100167</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22185/24487147.2021.107.07</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis comparativo de los casos confirmados y defunciones por Covid-19 en tres zonas metropolitanas de México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Comparative analysis of confirmed cases and deaths from Covid-19 in three metropolitan areas of Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozano-Keymolen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaxiola-Robles Linares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio Cuauhtémoc]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya-Arce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernardino Jaciel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados de la Población ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>107</numero>
<fpage>167</fpage>
<lpage>196</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-74252021000100167&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-74252021000100167&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-74252021000100167&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La enfermedad infecciosa denominada Covid-19, causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, es la de la pandemia que la humanidad enfrenta. Por sus consecuencias sociales, económicas y en la salud, la Covid-19 ha mostrado los efectos de la explotación animal y la invasión humana a entornos reservorios de patógenos desconocidos que derivaron en una enfermedad mortal para el ser humano. En particular, las zonas metropolitanas han sido espacios con grandes afectaciones de la Covid-19 por las concentraciones poblacionales que derivan en un mayor número de contagios. En este contexto, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis comparativo de los casos confirmados, las defunciones y las prevalencias de enfermedades en infección por Covid-19 para la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey, la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara y la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México en dos periodos. La fuente de información que se utilizó fueron los datos de la Secretaría de Salud de México y la Encuesta Intercensal. La metodología consistió en dos etapas que permitieron realizar el análisis comparativo de las tres zonas metropolitanas. En la primera etapa se realizó el análisis de tablas bivariadas asociadas con los casos confirmados y las defunciones por Covid-19 según variables sociodemográficas. En la segunda, se utilizaron las prevalencias de enfermedades en muertes por Covid-19. Por último, los resultados muestran que los casos confirmados, las defunciones y las prevalencias de enfermedades en muertes por Covid-19 son heterogéneas entre las tres zonas metropolitanas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The infectious disease called Covid-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is one of the pandemics that humanity faces. Due to its social, economic and health consequences, Covid-19 has shown the effects of animal exploitation and human invasion to reservoir environments for unknown pathogens that resulted in a fatal disease for humans. In particular, metropolitan areas have been areas with great effects of Covid-19 due to population concentrations that lead to a greater number of infections. In this context, this article aims to carry out a comparative analysis of confirmed cases, deaths, and prevalences of diseases in Covid-19 infection for the Monterrey metropolitan area, the Guadalajara metropolitan area, and the Valle Metropolitan Area. of Mexico in two periods. The source of information used was data from the Mexican Ministry of Health and the Intercensal Survey. The methodology consisted of two stages that allowed for the comparative analysis of the three metropolitan areas. In the first stage, the analysis of bivariate tables associated with confirmed cases and deaths from Covid-19 according to sociodemographic variables was performed. In the second, the prevalences of diseases in deaths from Covid-19 were used. Finally, the results show that confirmed cases, deaths, and disease prevalences in deaths from Covid-19 are heterogeneous among the three metropolitan areas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Covid-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diabetes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hipertensión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[obesidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[zonas metropolitanas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Covid-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diabetes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hypertension]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[obesity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[metropolitan areas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abu-Rayash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dincer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of mobility trends during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic: Exploring the impacts on global aviation and travel in selected cities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Research &amp; Social Science]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>101693</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barquera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Barrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trejo-Valdivia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shamah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos-Nonato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Dommarco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Obesidad en México, prevalencia y tendencias en adultos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud Pública de México]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>682-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basto-Abreu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrientos-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar-Salinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Olmedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De la Cruz-Góngora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Dommarco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shamah-Levy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barquera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Ridaura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalpando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalencia de diabetes y descontrol glucémico en México: resultados de la Ensanut 2016]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud Publica de México]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>50-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bello-Chavolla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bahena-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antonio-Villa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez-Salinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar-Salinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predicting Mortality Due to SARS-CoV-2: A Mechanistic Score Relating Obesity and Diabetes to Covid-19 Outcomes in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>dgaa346</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boyce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Standley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk Factors for Infectious Diseases in Urban Environments of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of Evidence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>123</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brodeur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Islam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhuiyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Literature Review of the Economics of Covid-19]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>13411</numero>
<issue>13411</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IZA Institute for Labor Economics]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Covid-9 in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Lancet]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>547-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos-Nonato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Barrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedroza-Tobías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barquera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hipertensión arterial en adultos mexicanos: prevalencia, diagnóstico y tipo de tratamiento]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud Pública de México]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>233-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capolongo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rebecchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buffoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Appolloni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Signorelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D'Alessandro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Covid-19 and Cities: from Urban Health strategies to the pandemic challenge. A Decalogue of Public Health opportunities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Bio-Medica: Atenei Parmensis]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>13-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Principales pandemias en la historia de la humanidad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Pediatría]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>^sSupl. 1</numero>
<issue>^sSupl. 1</issue>
<supplement>Supl. 1</supplement>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CEPAL</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicado de prensa]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>DGE</collab>
<collab>SSA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Datos Abiertos. Covid-19]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dirección General de Epidemiología]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ejaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alsrhani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zafar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Javed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Junaid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdalla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abosalif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Younas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Covid-19 and comorbidities: Deleterious impact on infected patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Infection and Public Health]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1833-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sehayek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabrielli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCusker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben-Shoshan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Covid-19 and comorbidities: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Postgraduate Medicine]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>132</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>749-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Arellano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larralde Corona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La forma urbana actual de las zonas metropolitanas en México: indicadores y dimensiones morfológicas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>11-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Garduño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Obesity is the comorbidity more strongly associated for Covid-19 in Mexico. A case-control study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Obesity Research &amp; Clinical Practice]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>375-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iacus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santamaria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sermi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spyratos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vespe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Human mobility and Covid-19 initial dynamics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nonlinear Dynamics]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<page-range>1901-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>INEGI</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Encuesta Intercensal 2015]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalabikhina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Demographic and social issues of the pandemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Population and Economics]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>103-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larrea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La viruela: ¿ha muerto?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista del Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>34-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heymann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilder-Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemic preparedness in urban settings: new challenges and opportunities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Lancet]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>527-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coss Rovirosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso de León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elizondo Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las grandes epidemias que cambiaron el mundo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anales Médicos de la Asociación Médica del Centro ABC]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>151-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mueller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McNamara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinclair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why does Covid-19 disproportionately affect older people?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aging]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>9959-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OMS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Policy Brief: COVID-19 in an Urban World]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OMS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[WHO Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Dashboard]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ONU</collab>
<source><![CDATA[The World's cities in 2018: Data booklet]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OPS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Actualización epidemiológica enfermedad por coronavirus (Covid-19)]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra-Bracamonte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez-Villalobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra-Bracamonte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of patients with Covid-19 in a large data set from Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of Epidemiology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>93-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pradilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México: neoliberalismo y contradicciones urbanas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sociologias, Porto Alegre]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>42</numero>
<issue>42</issue>
<page-range>54-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>QGIS.org</collab>
<source><![CDATA[QGIS Geographic Information System]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[QGIS Association]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coronavirus: ¿por qué América Latina es la región con más muertes en el mundo?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BBC News]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thurber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Urbanization and Infectious Diseases: General Principles, Historical Perspectives, and Contemporary Challenges]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Challenges in Infectious Diseases]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>SEDATU</collab>
<collab>CONAPO</collab>
<collab>INEGI</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Delimitación de las zonas metropolitanas de México 2015]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Secretaría de Desarrollo Agrario, Territorial y Urbano (SEDATU)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharifi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khavarian-Garmsir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Covid-19 pandemic: Impacts on cities and major lessons for urban planning, design, and management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science of the Total Environment]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>749</volume>
<page-range>1-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shoals]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Epidemics and Pandemics]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Pennsylvania ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Mason Crest]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deadly Companions: Covid-19 and Diabetes in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical Anthropology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>660-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobrino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La urbanización en el México contemporáneo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Notas de Población]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<page-range>93-123</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suarez Quezada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oros Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ronquillo de Jesús]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiology of Covid-19 in Mexico: from the 27th of February to the 30th of April 2020. Epidemiología de Covid-19 en México: del 27 de febrero al 30 de abril de 2020]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Clínica Española]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>220</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>463-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez Lastra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Váldes González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvador Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz-Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcántara-Ayala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garnica-Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Índice de vulnerabilidad ante el COVID-19 en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigaciones Geográficas]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>1-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trejo Nieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las economías de las zonas metropolitanas de México en los albores del siglo XXI]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>545-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Covid-19, Urbanization pattern and economic recovery: an analysis of Hubei, China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>9577</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New England Journal of Medicine]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>382</volume>
<page-range>727-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
