<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-7425</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Papeles de población]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Pap. poblac]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-7425</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados de la Población]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-74252020000200081</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22185/24487147.2020.104.13</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aplicación de gráficos de control para detectar anomalías en la mortalidad de niños en Ecuador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Application of control charts to detect anomalies in child mortality in Ecuador]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Bustos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mera-Intriago*]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eva]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Debón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iris]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Illych]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitat Politècnica de València Departamento de Estadística e I.O. Aplicadas y Calidad ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>104</numero>
<fpage>81</fpage>
<lpage>100</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-74252020000200081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-74252020000200081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-74252020000200081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En este trabajo se han diseñado gráficos de control con el objetivo de detectar anomalías en los datos de mortalidad infantil del área urbana en Ecuador. A fin de diseñar estos gráficos, se construyeron modelos de regresión binomial negativa para la tasa de mortalidad anual de niños y niñas con edades comprendidas entre uno y menos de cinco años. Con los modelos construidos se elaboraron dos tipos de gráficos de control: el primero, una versión EWMA (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) de los residuos de desviación de los modelos construidos y el segundo, un gráfico que monitorea la media de muertes a través de la estimación obtenida por el modelo de regresión. Para ambos gráficos se ha considerado un nivel de confianza aproximado de 95 por ciento. El gráfico EWMA fue más eficiente en detectar los sub-registros que suelen presentarse en las muertes de niños del área urbana de Ecuador.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: In this work, control charts have been designed in order to detect anomalies in the infant mortality data of the urban area in Ecuador. In order to design these charts, negative binomial regression models were constructed for the annual mortality rate of boys and girls aged between one and less than five years. With the constructed models, two types of control charts were prepared: the first one, an EWMA (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) version of the deviance residues of the constructed models and the second, a chart that monitors the average number of deaths through the estimate obtained by the regression model. For both charts, an approximate 95 per cent confidence level has been considered. The EWMA chart was more efficient in detecting the sub-records that usually occur in the deaths of urban children in Ecuador]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gráfico de control]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[residuos de desviación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[regresión binomial negativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[EWMA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Control chart]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[deviance residuals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Binomial Negative Regression]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[EWMA]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
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<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
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<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desigualdad socioeconómica y mortalidad infantil en Nicaragua: ¿Una cuestión étnica?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American Research Review]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>44</volume>
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