<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-5546</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Computación y Sistemas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comp. y Sist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-5546</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Computación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-55462020000100061</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.13053/cys-24-1-3313</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Algorithm for Processing Queries that Involve Boolean Columns for a Natural Language Interface to Databases]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pazos R.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodolfo A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez F.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez B.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Javier.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verástegui O.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnológico Nacional de México Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>61</fpage>
<lpage>74</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-55462020000100061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-55462020000100061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-55462020000100061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In the last decades, the use of natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDBs) has increased exponentially; unfortunately, the complexity of natural language has limited their effectiveness. The presence of Boolean columns in databases increases the difficulty for translating natural language queries to SQL. A Boolean column is a column that can only store two possible values: true/false, yes/no, 1/0. The problem for processing queries that involve Boolean columns, is that the search value for these columns (true/false, yes/no, 1/0) is not explicit in the queries. This problem makes NLIDBs generate erroneous translations as shown in experimental tests. A survey of the literature on NLIDBs has shown that this problem has not been identified, much less addressed. In this article, a new algorithm for processing queries that involve Boolean columns is presented. The algorithm uses syntactic and semantic information that facilitates detecting Boolean columns and their implicit values in a query. The experimental tests show that it is highly effective for translating this type of queries.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Natural language interfaces to databases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[natural language processing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[databases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SQL]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhootra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Natural Language Interfaces: Comparing English Language Front End and English Query]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Virginia Commonwealth University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conlon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[James]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The economics of natural language interfaces: natural language processing technology as a scarce resource]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Decision Support Systems]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>141-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ELF</collab>
<source><![CDATA[ELF Software Analyze]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Linguistic Data Consortium</collab>
<source><![CDATA[The 2884 ATIS0 Speaker-dependent Training Prompts]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[C-Phrase: A system for building robust natural language interfaces to databases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Data &amp; Knowledge Engineering]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>290-302</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pazos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verastegui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative study on the customization of natural language interfaces to databases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Springer-Plus]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>553</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pazos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fraire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Natural language interfaces to databases: An analysis of the state of the art]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Recent Advances on Hybrid Intelligent Systems]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>451</volume>
<page-range>463-80</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Popescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.-M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armanasu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etzioni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yates]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modern natural language interfaces to databases: composing statistical parsing with semantic tractability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Recent Advances on Hybrid Intelligent Systems]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>451</volume>
<page-range>463-80</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Wide Web Consortium</collab>
<source><![CDATA[BNF Notation for Syntax]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
