<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-5546</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Computación y Sistemas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comp. y Sist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-5546</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Computación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-55462014000300016</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.13053/CyS-18-3-2041</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Semantic Hyper-graph Based Representation of Nouns in the Kazakh Language]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yergesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Banu]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Assel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharipbay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Altynbek]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bekmanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gulmira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Razakhova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bibigul]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Astana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Kazakhstan</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>627</fpage>
<lpage>635</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-55462014000300016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-55462014000300016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-55462014000300016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We explain how semantic hyper-graphs are used to describe ontological models of morphological rules of agglutinative languages, with the Kazakh language as a case study. The vertices of these graphs represent morphological features and the edges represent relationships between these features. Such modeling allows nearly one to one translation of the morphology of the language into object-oriented model of data. In addition, with such a model we can easily generate new word forms. The constructed model and the dictionary generated with it are freely available for research purposes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ontology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[morphology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[semantic hyper-graph]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[word form generation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Art&iacute;culos regulares</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Semantic Hyper&#45;graph Based Representation of Nouns in the Kazakh Language</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Banu Yergesh, Assel Mukanova, Altynbek Sharipbay, Gulmira Bekmanova, and Bibigul Razakhova</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan.</i> <a href="mailto:b.yergesh@gmail.com">b.yergesh@gmail.com</a>, <a href="mailto:asel_ms@bk.ru">asel_ms@bk.ru</a>, <a href="mailto:sharalt@mail.ru">sharalt@mail.ru</a>, <a href="mailto:gulmira&#45;r@yandex.ru">gulmira&#45;r@yandex.ru</a>, <a href="mailto:utalina@mail.ru">utalina@mail.ru</a>.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Article received on 07/07/2014.    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> 	Accepted 10/08/2014.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We explain how semantic hyper&#45;graphs are used to describe ontological models of morphological rules of agglutinative languages, with the Kazakh language as a case study. The vertices of these graphs represent morphological features and the edges represent relationships between these features. Such modeling allows nearly one to one translation of the morphology of the language into object&#45;oriented model of data. In addition, with such a model we can easily generate new word forms. The constructed model and the dictionary generated with it are freely available for research purposes.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Ontology, morphology, semantic hyper&#45;graph, word form generation.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/cys/v18n3/v18n3a16.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>1. Alexandrov, M., Blanco, X., Gelbukh, A., &amp; Makagonov, P. (2004).</b> Knowledge&#45;poor Approach to Constructing Word Frequency Lists, with Examples from Romance Languages. <i>Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural, No 33, 127&#45;132.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068059&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></i></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>2. Altenbek, G. (2010).</b> Kazakh Segmentation system of inflectional Affixes. In <i>Proceedings of CIPS&#45;SIGHAN Joint Conference on Chinese Language Processing (CLP2010), Xiao&#45;long Wang.</i> Beijing, China, 183&#45;190.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068061&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>3. Batayeva, Z. (2012).</b> <i>Colloquial Kazakh,</i> Routledge.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068063&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>4. Bolshakov, I. A. &amp; Gelbukh, A. (2004).</b> <i>Computational linguistics: Models, resources, applications,</i> 187 pp.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068065&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>5. Bretto, A. (2013).</b> <i>Hypergraph Theory.</i> Springer International Publishing Switzerland.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068067&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>6. Cinman, L., Dyachenko, P., Petrochenkov, V., &amp; Timoshenko, S. (2013).</b> Automatic Distinction between Natural and Automatically Generated Texts Using Morphological and Syntactic Information. <i>International Journal of Computational Linguistics and Applications,</i> Vol. 4, No. 2, 189&#45;202.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068069&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>7. Gelbukh, A. (2000).</b> Lazy Query Enrichment: A Method for Indexing Large Specialized Document Bases with Morphology and Concept Hierarchy. <i>Lecture Notes in Computer Science,</i> Vol. 1873, 526&#45;535.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068071&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>8. Gelbukh, A. (2003).</b> Exact and approximate prefix search under access locality requirements for morphological analysis and spelling correction. <i>Computaci&oacute;n y Sistemas,</i> Vol. 6, No. 3, 167&#45;182.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068073&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>9. Gelbukh, A., Alexandrov, M., &amp; Han, S. (2004).</b> Detecting Inflection Patterns in Natural Language by Minimization of Morphological Model. <i>Lecture Notes in Computer Science,</i> Vol. 3287, 432&#45;438.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068075&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>10. Gelbukh, A. &amp; Sidorov, G. (2002).</b> Morphological Analysis of Inflective Languages through Generation. <i>Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural,</i> No. 29, 105&#45;112.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068077&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>11. Gelbukh, A. &amp; Sidorov, G. (2003).</b> Approach to construction of automatic morphological analysis systems for inflective languages with little effort. In <i>Proc. of Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, CICLing&#45;2003, Mexico. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,</i> Vol. 2588, 215&#45;220.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068079&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>12. Gelbukh, A. &amp; Sidorov, G. (2005).</b> On Automatic Morphological Analysis of Inflective Languages. <i>International Conference on Applied Linguistics Dialogue&#45;2005,</i> Russia, 92&#45;96.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068081&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>13. Gelbukh, A., Sidorov, G., Lara&#45;Reyes, D., &amp; Chanona&#45;Hern&aacute;ndez, L. (2008).</b> Division of Spanish Words into Morphemes with a Genetic Algorithm. <i>Lecture Notes in Computer Science,</i> Vol. 5039, 19&#45;26.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068083&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>14. G&ouml;kg&ouml;z, E. and Kurt, A. and Kulamshaev, K. &amp; Kara, M. (2011).</b> Two&#45;Level Qazan Tatar Morphology. In <i>Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Foreign Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics (FLTAL11),</i> 428&#45;432.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068085&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>15. Gruber, T.R. (1995).</b> Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing. <i>International Journal Human&#45;Computer Studies</i> Vol. 43, Issues 5&#45;6, 907&#45;928.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068087&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>16. Jurafsky, D. &amp; Martin, J. H. (2009).</b> <i>Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, and Computational Linguistics.</i> 2nd edition. Prentice&#45;Hall.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068089&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>17. Kairakbay, B. &amp; Zaurbekov, D. (2013).</b> Finite State Approach to the Kazakh Nominal Paradigm. In <i>Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Finite State Methods and Natural Language Processing, 108&#45;112.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068091&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></i></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>18. Karttunen, L. (1983).</b> KIMMO: A general morphological processor. <i>Texas Linguistic Forum,</i> Vol. 22, 163&#45;186.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068093&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600018&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>19. Kazakh grammar. (2002).</b> Phonetics, word formation, morphology, syntax (in Kazakh). Astana.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068095&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600019&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>20. Kessikbayeva, G. &amp; Cicekli, I. (2014).</b> Rule Based Morphological Analyzer of Kazakh Language. In <i>Proceedings of the 2014 Joint Meeting of SIGMORPHON and SIGFSM,</i> Baltimore, Maryland USA, 46&#45;54.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068097&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600020&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>21. Khakhalin, G. (2009).</b> Applied Ontology in the language of hypergraphs (in Russian). <i>Proceedings of 2nd All&#45;Russian Conference "Knowledge&#151;Ontology&#151;Theory" (KONT&#45;09).</i> Novosibirsk, 223&#45;231.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068099&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600021&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>22. Koskenniemi, K. (1983).</b> <i>Two&#45;level morphology: A general computational model for word&#45;form recognition and production.</i> Publication 11, University of Helsinki.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068101&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600022&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>23. Lakshmana Pandian, S. &amp; Geetha, T.V. (2008).</b> Morpheme based Language Model for Tamil Part&#45;of&#45;Speech Tagging. <i>Polibits,</i> Vol. 38, 19&#45;26.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068103&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600023&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>24. Liu, H., LePendu, P., Jin, R., &amp; Dou, D. (2011).</b> A Hypergraph&#45;based Method for Discovering Semantically Associated Itemsets. In <i>ICDM 2011,</i> 398&#45;406.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068105&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600024&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>25. Makazhanov, A., Makhambetov, O., Sabyrgaliyev, I., &amp; Yessenbayev, Zh. (2014)</b> Spelling Correction for Kazakh. <i>Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,</i> Vol. 8404, 533&#45;541.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068107&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600025&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>26. Makhambetov, O., Makazhanov, A., Yessenbayev, Z., Matkarimov, B., Sabyrgaliyev, I., &amp; Sharafudinov, A. (2013).</b> Assembling the Kazakh Language Corpus. In <i>EMNLP 2013,</i> 1022&#45;1031.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068109&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600026&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>27. Martins, R. (2012).</b> Knowledge Vertices in XUNL. <i>Polibits,</i> Vol. 45, 61&#45;66.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068111&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600027&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>28. Oflazer, K. (1994).</b> Two&#45;Level Description of Turkish Morphology. <i>Literary and Linguistic Computing, Vol.</i> 9, No. 2, 137&#45;148.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068113&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600028&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>29. Potchinskii, I. (2012).</b> Formal representation of semantic hypergraphs and their operations (in Russian). In <i>VIII International Scientific and Practical Internet Conference "Youth. Science. Innovations".    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068115&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600029&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></i></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>30. Lian, R., Goertzel, B., Ke, S., O'Neill, J., Sadeghi, K., Shiu, S., Wang, D., Watkins, O., &amp; Yu G. (2012).</b> Syntax&#45;Semantic Mapping for General Intelligence: Language Comprehension as Hypergraph Homomorphism, Language Generation as Constraint Satisfaction. Artificial General Intelligence. <i>Lecture Notes in Computer Science</i> Vol. 7716, 158&#45;167.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068117&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600030&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>31. Sharipbaev A.A. , Bekmanova G.T., Buribayeva A.K., Yergesh B.Z., Mukanova A.S., &amp; Kaliyev A.K. (2012).</b> Semantic neural network model of morphological rules of the agglutinative languages. In <i>6th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 13th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligence Systems, SCIS/ISIS,</i> 1094&#45;1099.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068119&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600031&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>32. Sidorov, G. &amp; Gelbukh, A. (1999).</b> A Hierarchy of Linguistic Programming Objects. In <i>Proc. ENC&#45;99, 2&ordm; Encuentro de Computaci&oacute;n,</i> Mexico, 12&#45;15.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068121&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600032&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>33. Sulejmanov, D.Sh., Nevzorova, O.A, Gatiatullin, A.R., Gilmullin, R.A., Ayupov, M.M., &amp; Pyatkin, N.V. (2007).</b> The main components of the application of the grammatical model Tatar (In Russian). In <i>Proc. Dialogue Conference 2007. Computational linguistics and intelligent technologies.</i> Russian State Humanitarian University, 525&#45;530.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068123&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600033&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>34. Tantug, A. C., Adali, E., &amp; Oflazer, K. (2006).</b> Computer analysis of the Turkmen language morphology. <i>Advances in natural language processing. Lecture notes in Artificial intelligence,</i> Vol. 4139, 186&#45;193.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068125&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600034&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>35. Wawer, A. (2012).</b> Extracting Emotive Patterns for Languages with Rich Morphology. <i>International Journal of Computational Linguistics and Applications,</i> Vol. 3, No. 1, 11&#45;24.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068127&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600035&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>36. Zaraket, F. &amp; Makhlouta, J. (2012).</b> Arabic Temporal Entity Extraction using Morphological Analysis. <i>International Journal of Computational Linguistics and Applications,</i> Vol. 3, No. 1, 121&#45;136.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068129&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600036&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>37. Zafer, H. Refit, Tilki, B., Kurt, A., &amp; Kara, M. (2011).</b> Two&#45;Level Description of Kazakh Morphology. In <i>Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Foreign Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics (FLTAL'11),</i> 560&#45;564.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068131&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600037&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>38. Zhen L. &amp; Jiang Z. (2010).</b> Hy&#45;SN: Hyper&#45;graph based semantic network. <i>Knowledge&#45;Based Systems.</i> Vol. 23, Issue 8, 809&#45;816.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2068133&pid=S1405-5546201400030001600038&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexandrov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelbukh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makagonov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Knowledge-poor Approach to Constructing Word Frequency Lists, with Examples from Romance Languages]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>127-132</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altenbek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Kazakh Segmentation system of inflectional Affixes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of CIPS-SIGHAN Joint Conference on Chinese Language Processing (CLP2010), Xiao-long Wang]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>183-190</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Beijing ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batayeva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Colloquial Kazakh]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolshakov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelbukh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Computational linguistics: Models, resources, applications]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<page-range>187</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bretto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hypergraph Theory]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer International Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cinman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dyachenko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petrochenkov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timoshenko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Automatic Distinction between Natural and Automatically Generated Texts Using Morphological and Syntactic Information]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Computational Linguistics and Applications]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>189-202</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelbukh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Lazy Query Enrichment: A Method for Indexing Large Specialized Document Bases with Morphology and Concept Hierarchy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lecture Notes in Computer Science]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>1873</volume>
<page-range>526-535</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelbukh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Exact and approximate prefix search under access locality requirements for morphological analysis and spelling correction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computación y Sistemas]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>167-182</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelbukh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexandrov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Detecting Inflection Patterns in Natural Language by Minimization of Morphological Model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lecture Notes in Computer Science]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>3287</volume>
<page-range>432-438</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelbukh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sidorov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Morphological Analysis of Inflective Languages through Generation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>105-112</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelbukh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sidorov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Approach to construction of automatic morphological analysis systems for inflective languages with little effort]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc. of Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, CICLing-2003, Mexico: Lecture Notes in Computer Science]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>2588</volume>
<page-range>215-220</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelbukh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sidorov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On Automatic Morphological Analysis of Inflective LanguagesInternational Conference on Applied Linguistics Dialogue-2005]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>92-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelbukh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sidorov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara-Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chanona-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Division of Spanish Words into Morphemes with a Genetic Algorithm]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lecture Notes in Computer Science]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>5039</volume>
<page-range>19-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gökgöz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kulamshaev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Two-Level Qazan Tatar Morphology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Foreign Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics (FLTAL11)]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>428-432</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gruber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal Human-Computer Studies]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>5</numero><numero>6</numero>
<issue>5</issue><issue>6</issue>
<page-range>907-928</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jurafsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, and Computational Linguistics]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice-Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kairakbay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaurbekov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Finite State Approach to the Kazakh Nominal Paradigm]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Finite State Methods and Natural Language Processing]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>108-112</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karttunen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[KIMMO: A general morphological processor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Texas Linguistic Forum]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>163-186</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Kazakh grammar]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Astana ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kessikbayeva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cicekli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Rule Based Morphological Analyzer of Kazakh Language]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the 2014 Joint Meeting of SIGMORPHON and SIGFSM]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>46-54</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Baltimore^eMaryland Maryland]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khakhalin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Applied Ontology in the language of hypergraphs (in Russian)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of 2nd All-Russian Conference "Knowledge-Ontology-Theory" (KONT-09)]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>223-231</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Novosibirsk ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koskenniemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Two-level morphology: A general computational model for word-form recognition and production]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Helsinki]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lakshmana Pandian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geetha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Morpheme based Language Model for Tamil Part-of-Speech Tagging]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Polibits]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>19-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LePendu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A Hypergraph-based Method for Discovering Semantically Associated Itemsets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ICDM 2011]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>398-406</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makazhanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makhambetov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabyrgaliyev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yessenbayev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zh.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Spelling Correction for Kazakh. Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lecture Notes in Computer Science]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>8404</volume>
<page-range>533-541</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makhambetov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makazhanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yessenbayev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matkarimov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabyrgaliyev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharafudinov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Assembling the Kazakh Language Corpus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EMNLP 2013]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>1022-1031</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Knowledge Vertices in XUNL]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Polibits]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>61-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oflazer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Two-Level Description of Turkish Morphology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Literary and Linguistic Computing]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>137-148</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Potchinskii]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Formal representation of semantic hypergraphs and their operations (in Russian)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[VIII International Scientific and Practical Internet Conference "Youth. Science. Innovations]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goertzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Neill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadeghi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Syntax-Semantic Mapping for General Intelligence: Language Comprehension as Hypergraph Homomorphism, Language Generation as Constraint Satisfaction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Artificial General Intelligence. Lecture Notes in Computer Science]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>7716</volume>
<page-range>158-167</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharipbaev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bekmanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buribayeva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yergesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaliyev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Semantic neural network model of morphological rules of the agglutinative languages]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[6th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 13th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligence Systems, SCIS/ISIS]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>1094-1099</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sidorov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelbukh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A Hierarchy of Linguistic Programming Objects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc. ENC-99, 2ş Encuentro de Computación]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>12-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sulejmanov, D.Sh., Nevzorova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gatiatullin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilmullin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayupov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pyatkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The main components of the application of the grammatical model Tatar (In Russian)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc. Dialogue Conference 2007. Computational linguistics and intelligent technologies]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>525-530</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Russian State Humanitarian University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tantug]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oflazer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Computer analysis of the Turkmen language morphology. Advances in natural language processing]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>4139</volume>
<page-range>186-193</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wawer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Extracting Emotive Patterns for Languages with Rich Morphology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Computational Linguistics and Applications]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>11-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaraket]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makhlouta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Arabic Temporal Entity Extraction using Morphological Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Computational Linguistics and Applications]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>121-136</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zafer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. Refit]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tilki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Two-Level Description of Kazakh Morphology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Foreign Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics (FLTAL'11)]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>560-564</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Hy-SN: Hyper-graph based semantic network]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Knowledge-Based Systems]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>809-816</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
