<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-5546</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Computación y Sistemas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comp. y Sist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-5546</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Computación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-55462013000300007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysis of Genetic Expression with Microarrays using GPU Implemented Algorithms]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de expresión genética en microarreglos utilizando algoritmos implementados en GPU]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero-Vivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Von Borstel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villa-Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isaac]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Paz B.C.S.]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de La Paz  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Paz B.C.S.]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>357</fpage>
<lpage>364</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-55462013000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-55462013000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-55462013000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[DNA microarrays are used to simultaneously analyze the expression level of thousands of genes under multiple conditions; however, massive amount of data is generated making its analysis a challenge and an ideal candidate for massive parallel processing. Among the available technologies, the use of General Purpose computation on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) is an efficient cost-effective alternative, compared to a Central Processing Unit (CPU). This paper presents an implementation of algorithms using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) to determine statistical significance in the evaluation of gene expression levels for a microarray hybridization experiment designed and carried out at the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S.C. (CIBNOR). The obtained results are compared to traditional implementations.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Los microarreglos de ADN permiten analizar simultáneamente el nivel de expresión de miles de genes ante condiciones múltiples; sin embargo, la gran cantidad de datos generados representa un reto para su análisis y los hace un candidato ideal para el procesamiento masivo paralelo. Dentro de las tecnologías disponibles, el uso de cómputo en tarjetas gráficas de propósito general (GPGPU), es una alternativa eficiente, en términos de costo-efectividad, comparada con respecto a las unidades de procesamiento central (CPU). Este artículo presenta la implementación de algoritmos utilizando la arquitectura de cómputo unificada (CUDA), para determinar la significancia estadística en la evaluación de niveles de expresión génica para un experimento de hibridación de microarreglos, diseñado y llevado a cabo en el Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR). Los resultados obtenidos se comparan con respecto a las implementaciones tradicionales.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[GPU]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[microarray]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CUDA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[GPU]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microarreglos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[CUDA]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Art&iacute;culos</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Analysis of Genetic Expression with Microarrays using GPU Implemented Algorithms</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="3"><b>An&aacute;lisis de expresi&oacute;n gen&eacute;tica en microarreglos utilizando algoritmos implementados en GPU</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Eduardo Romero&#45;Vivas<sup>1</sup>, Fernando D. Von Borstel<sup>1</sup>, and Isaac Villa&#45;Medina<sup>1,2</sup></b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup><i>1</i></sup> <i>Centro de Investigaciones Biol&oacute;gicas del Noroeste S.C., Instituto Polit&eacute;cnico Nacional, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico</i><i>.</i> <a href="mailto:fborstel04@cibnor.mx">fborstel04@cibnor.mx</a>, <a href="http://cibnor.mx/es/investigacion/grupos-de-investigacion/grupo-de-bioinformatica/inicio" target="_blank">http://cibnor.mx/es/investigacion/grupos&#45;de&#45;investigacion/grupo&#45;de&#45;bioinformatica/inicio</a></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>2</sup> Instituto Tecnol&oacute;gico de La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico.</i></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Article received on 14/02/2013;    <br> 	accepted on 22/07/2013.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">DNA microarrays are used to simultaneously analyze the expression level of thousands of genes under multiple conditions; however, massive amount of data is generated making its analysis a challenge and an ideal candidate for massive parallel processing. Among the available technologies, the use of General Purpose computation on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) is an efficient cost&#45;effective alternative, compared to a Central Processing Unit (CPU). This paper presents an implementation of algorithms using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) to determine statistical significance in the evaluation of gene expression levels for a microarray hybridization experiment designed and carried out at the Centro de Investigaciones Biol&oacute;gicas del Noroeste S.C. (CIBNOR). The obtained results are compared to traditional implementations.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> GPU, microarray, CUDA.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Los microarreglos de ADN permiten analizar simult&aacute;neamente el nivel de expresi&oacute;n de miles de genes ante condiciones m&uacute;ltiples; sin embargo, la gran cantidad de datos generados representa un reto para su an&aacute;lisis y los hace un candidato ideal para el procesamiento masivo paralelo. Dentro de las tecnolog&iacute;as disponibles, el uso de c&oacute;mputo en tarjetas gr&aacute;ficas de prop&oacute;sito general (GPGPU), es una alternativa eficiente, en t&eacute;rminos de costo&#45;efectividad, comparada con respecto a las unidades de procesamiento central (CPU). Este art&iacute;culo presenta la implementaci&oacute;n de algoritmos utilizando la arquitectura de c&oacute;mputo unificada (CUDA), para determinar la significancia estad&iacute;stica en la evaluaci&oacute;n de niveles de expresi&oacute;n g&eacute;nica para un experimento de hibridaci&oacute;n de microarreglos, dise&ntilde;ado y llevado a cabo en el Centro de Investigaciones Biol&oacute;gicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR). Los resultados obtenidos se comparan con respecto a las implementaciones tradicionales.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave:</b> GPU, microarreglos, CUDA.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/cys/v17n3/v17n3a7.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p> 	    <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>         <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p>         <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The authors acknowledge the support of the project SAGARPA&#45;CONACYT 2009&#45;II entitled "Functional Genomics application as a strategy for improvement of the shrimp industry". This research was made in the facilities of CIBNOR Bioinformatics Laboratory.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>1. Sboner, A., Mu, X.J., Greenbaum, D., Auerbach, R.K., &amp; Gerstein, M.B. (2011).</b> The real cost of sequencing: higher than you think!. <i>Genome Biology,</i> 12, 125&#45;135. <a href="http://genomebiology.com/2011/12/8/125" target="_blank">http://genomebiology.com/ 2011/12/8/125.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2062375&pid=S1405-5546201300030000700001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></a></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>2. 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(2010).</b> GPU acceleration for statistical gene classification, <i>2010 IEEE International Conference on Automation Quality and Testing Robotics (AQTR 2010),</i> 2, 1&#45;6, Cluj&#45;Napoca Romania.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2062383&pid=S1405-5546201300030000700005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>6. Stekel, D. 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</article>
