<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-5546</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Computación y Sistemas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comp. y Sist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-5546</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Computación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-55462013000300005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Design and Optimization of Tunnel Boring Machines by Simulating the Cutting Rock Process using the Discrete Element Method]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diseño y optimización de máquinas tuneladoras mediante la simulación del proceso de corte de roca con el método de elementos discretos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medel-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botello-Rionda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Salvador]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guanajuato Gto]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>329</fpage>
<lpage>339</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-55462013000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-55462013000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-55462013000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Nowadays there is a large number of tunneling projects in progress, mainly in Europe, both for roads and transport supplies. Performance prediction of tunnel boring machines (TBM) and the determination of some design parameters have become crucial, as they are critical elements in planning a project of mechanical excavation. In this paper we use the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to build models which simulate the rock cutting process under a cutting disk and measure the interaction between forces and hard rock essential in the design of TBM. The DEM is an appropriate tool for modeling geomaterials; it is assumed that a solid material can be represented by a collection of rigid particles interacting with each other in the normal and tangential directions. The particles are linked by cohesive forces which can break and simulate fracture propagation.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En la actualidad existe una gran cantidad de proyectos de tunelización en proceso, principalmente en Europa, tanto para vías de comunicación como para trasporte de suministros. La predicción del desempeño de las máquinas tuneladoras (TBM) así como la determinación de algunos parámetros del diseño han llegado a ser cruciales, ya que son elementos críticos en la planificación previa de un proyecto de excavación mecánica. En este trabajo se utiliza el Método de Elementos Discretos (DEM) para construir modelos que simulan el proceso de corte de roca bajo un disco cortador. El DEM es una herramienta apropiada para modelar geomateriales, se asume que el material sólido puede ser representado por una colección de partículas rígidas (esferas en 3D, discos en 2D) interactuando entre ellas mismas en las direcciones normal y tangencial. Las partículas están unidas por fuerzas de cohesión que pueden romperse simulando la fractura y su propagación.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tunnel boring machine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cutting disc]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lineal cutting test]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cohesion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Máquina tuneladora]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[disco cortador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prueba de corte lineal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cohesión]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Art&iacute;culos</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Design and Optimization of Tunnel Boring Machines</b> <b>by Simulating the Cutting Rock Process using the Discrete Element Method</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="3"><b>Dise&ntilde;o y optimizaci&oacute;n de m&aacute;quinas tuneladoras mediante la simulaci&oacute;n del proceso de corte de roca con el m&eacute;todo de elementos discretos</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Roberto C. Medel&#45;Morales and Salvador Botello&#45;Rionda</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Computational Sciences Department, Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n en Matem&aacute;ticas, A.C., Jalisco S/N, Col. Valenciana, 36240, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico</i>. <a href="mailto:medel@cimat.mx">medel@cimat.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:botelloj@cimat.mx">botelloj@cimat.mx</a><a href="mailto:botelloj@cimat.mx"></a></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Article received on 19/02/2013;    <br> 	accepted on 11/08/2013.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Nowadays there is a large number of tunneling projects in progress, mainly in Europe, both for roads and transport supplies. Performance prediction of tunnel boring machines (TBM) and the determination of some design parameters have become crucial, as they are critical elements in planning a project of mechanical excavation. In this paper we use the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to build models which simulate the rock cutting process under a cutting disk and measure the interaction between forces and hard rock essential in the design of TBM. The DEM is an appropriate tool for modeling geomaterials; it is assumed that a solid material can be represented by a collection of rigid particles interacting with each other in the normal and tangential directions. The particles are linked by cohesive forces which can break and simulate fracture propagation.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Tunnel boring machine, cutting disc, lineal cutting test, cohesion.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En la actualidad existe una gran cantidad de proyectos de tunelizaci&oacute;n en proceso, principalmente en Europa, tanto para v&iacute;as de comunicaci&oacute;n como para trasporte de suministros. La predicci&oacute;n del desempe&ntilde;o de las m&aacute;quinas tuneladoras (TBM) as&iacute; como la determinaci&oacute;n de algunos par&aacute;metros del dise&ntilde;o han llegado a ser cruciales, ya que son elementos cr&iacute;ticos en la planificaci&oacute;n previa de un proyecto de excavaci&oacute;n mec&aacute;nica. En este trabajo se utiliza el M&eacute;todo de Elementos Discretos (DEM) para construir modelos que simulan el proceso de corte de roca bajo un disco cortador. El DEM es una herramienta apropiada para  modelar geomateriales, se asume que el material s&oacute;lido puede ser representado por una colecci&oacute;n de part&iacute;culas r&iacute;gidas (esferas en 3D, discos en 2D) interactuando entre ellas mismas en las direcciones normal y tangencial. Las part&iacute;culas est&aacute;n unidas por fuerzas de cohesi&oacute;n que pueden romperse simulando la fractura y su propagaci&oacute;n.</font></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave:</b> M&aacute;quina tuneladora, disco cortador, prueba de corte lineal, cohesi&oacute;n.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/cys/v17n3/v17n3a5.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>1. Balci, C. (2009).</b> Correlation of rock cutting test with field performance of a TBM in highly fractured rock formation: A case study in Kozyatagi&#45;Kadikoy metro tunnel, Turkey. <i>Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,</i> 423&#45;435.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2062202&pid=S1405-5546201300030000500001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>2. Bilgin, N., Balci, C., Acaroglu, O., Tuncdemir, H.,</b> <b>&amp; Eskikaya, S. (1999).</b> The performance prediction of a TBM in tuzla&#45;dragos sewerage tunnel. <i>World Tunnel Congress,</i> 817&#45;822.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2062204&pid=S1405-5546201300030000500002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>3. Chang, S. 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(1999).</b> Performance Prediction for Hard&#45;Rock Microtunneling. <i>North American Society for Trenchless Technology.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2062210&pid=S1405-5546201300030000500005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></i></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>6. Medel, R.</b> <i>Predicci&oacute;n y optimizaci&oacute;n del desempe&ntilde;o de las m&aacute;quinas tuneladoras mediante DEM.</i> Ph.D. thesis.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2062212&pid=S1405-5546201300030000500006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>7. of Mines, C. S. (2004).</b> CSM computer model for TBM performance prediction. Technical report, Earth Mechanics Institute (EMI).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2062214&pid=S1405-5546201300030000500007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>8. O&ntilde;ate, E. &amp; Rojek, J. 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