<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-5546</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Computación y Sistemas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comp. y Sist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-5546</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Computación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-55462011000300005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evocanto: Programa de cómputo para analizar la voz cantada mediante técnicas de procesamiento digital de señales]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Evocanto: Computer Program for Analyzing the Singing Voice using Digital Signal Processing]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gracida Olvera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gisela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orduña Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico Grupo de Acústica y Vibraciones]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>39</fpage>
<lpage>50</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-55462011000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-55462011000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-55462011000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se presenta el desarrollo de un programa de cómputo multiplataforma, con una interfaz gráfica amigable, orientada a estudiantes y maestros de canto, como auxiliar didáctico en la enseñanza de la técnica vocal. El programa capta la señal de voz mediante un micrófono y una interfaz de audio y la somete a procedimientos de análisis espectral, mediante los cuales se determinan los elementos necesarios para estimar la configuración del tracto vocal, así como características acústicas de la voz cantada, tales como la entonación, el vibrato y la resonancia. El programa muestra representaciones gráficas del espectro y su análisis, lo que permite realizar una valoración objetiva. La interacción en tiempo real hace que el usuario pueda experimentar adecuaciones de su propia técnica vocal y observar inmediatamente los efectos manifestados en la señal acústica, por lo que se obtiene información adicional a las indicaciones técnicas y musicales del maestro de canto.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The article presents the development of a computer program, with a friendly user interface, intended as a didactic tool for the study and teaching of the singing voice and vocal technique. The program captures the acoustic signal with a microphone and a digital audio interface, spectral analysis is performed and acoustic descriptors of tuning, vibrato and resonance of the singing voice are calculated. The program displays the spectral analysis and other parameters, allowing for an objective evaluation. Real-time interaction allows users immediate feedback of the effects of their own vocal technique on the acoustic singing voice signal; this, in addition to technical and musical indications provided by the singing teacher.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Voz cantada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis digital y espectro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Singing voice]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[digital analysis and spectrum]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Art&iacute;culos</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Evocanto: Programa de c&oacute;mputo para analizar la voz cantada mediante t&eacute;cnicas de procesamiento digital de se&ntilde;ales</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="3"><b>Evocanto: Computer Program for Analyzing the Singing Voice using Digital Signal Processing</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Gisela Gracida Olvera y Felipe Ordu&ntilde;a Bustamante</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Grupo de Ac&uacute;stica y Vibraciones, Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnol&oacute;gico (CCADET), Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico (UNAM), Circuito Exterior CU, Apdo. postal 70&#150;186, CP 04510, M&eacute;xico D.F., M&eacute;xico. E&#150;mail: </i><a href="mailto:gisgracida@msn.com">gisgracida@msn.com</a>, <a href="mailto:felipe.orduna@ccadet.unam.mx">felipe.orduna@ccadet.unam.mx</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Art&iacute;culo recibido el 29 de agosto de 2010.    <br>   Aceptado el 15 de enero de 2011.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se presenta el desarrollo de un programa de c&oacute;mputo multiplataforma, con una interfaz gr&aacute;fica amigable, orientada a estudiantes y maestros de canto, como auxiliar did&aacute;ctico en la ense&ntilde;anza de la t&eacute;cnica vocal. El programa capta la se&ntilde;al de voz mediante un micr&oacute;fono y una interfaz de audio y la somete a procedimientos de an&aacute;lisis espectral, mediante los cuales se determinan los elementos necesarios para estimar la configuraci&oacute;n del tracto vocal, as&iacute; como caracter&iacute;sticas ac&uacute;sticas de la voz cantada, tales como la entonaci&oacute;n, el vibrato y la resonancia. El programa muestra representaciones gr&aacute;ficas del espectro y su an&aacute;lisis, lo que permite realizar una valoraci&oacute;n objetiva. La interacci&oacute;n en tiempo real hace que el usuario pueda experimentar adecuaciones de su propia t&eacute;cnica vocal y observar inmediatamente los efectos manifestados en la se&ntilde;al ac&uacute;stica, por lo que se obtiene informaci&oacute;n adicional a las indicaciones t&eacute;cnicas y musicales del maestro de canto.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave:</b> Voz cantada, an&aacute;lisis digital y espectro.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The article presents the development of a computer program, with a friendly user interface, intended as a didactic tool for the study and teaching of the singing voice and vocal technique. The program captures the acoustic signal with a microphone and a digital audio interface, spectral analysis is performed and acoustic descriptors of tuning, vibrato and resonance of the singing voice are calculated. The program displays the spectral analysis and other parameters, allowing for an objective evaluation. Real&#150;time interaction allows users immediate feedback of the effects of their own vocal technique on the acoustic singing voice signal; this, in addition to technical and musical indications provided by the singing teacher.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Singing voice, digital analysis and spectrum.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/cys/v15n1/v15n1a5.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Referencias</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>1. Bunch, M. (1997). </b><i>Dynamics of the singing voice </i>(4<sup>th </sup>ed.). Viena; New York: Springer.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053699&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>2. Cordourier&#150;Maruri, H.A., &amp; Ordu&ntilde;a&#150;Bustamante, F. (2009). </b>Active control of periodic fan noise in laptops: spectral width requirements in a delayed buffer implementation. <i>Journal of applied research and technology, </i>7(2), 124&#150;135.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053701&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>3. Fant, G. (1997). </b>Acoustical Analysis of speech. In Croker, M.J. (ed.) <i>Enciclopedia of Acoustics vol.4 </i>(1589&#150;1598) New York: John Wiley.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053703&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>4. Gracida, G. (2010). </b><i>Programa interactivo para analizar la voz cantada mediante t&eacute;cnicas de procesamiento digital de se&ntilde;ales. </i>Proyecto de Tesis de Maestr&iacute;a en M&uacute;sica. Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, Distrito Federal, M&eacute;xico.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053705&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>5. Lazzarini, V. (2000). </b><i>The Sound Object Library. </i>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053707&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>6. Ladefoged, P. (1989). </b>A note on Information conveyed by vowels. <i>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, </i>85(5). 2223 &#150; 2224.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053709&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>7. Lindblom, B., Sundberg, J. (2007</b>).The human voice in speech and singing. In Rossing, T. (ed.) <i>Springer handbook ofacoustics </i>(669&#150;712). New York: Springer.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053711&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>8. Nearey, T.M. (1989). </b>Static, dynamic, and relational properties in vowel perception. <i>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, </i>85(5), 2088 &#150; 2113.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053713&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>9. Ordu&ntilde;a, B &amp; Gracida, G. (2010). </b>Practical determination of acoustic parameters of the singing voice implemented in the interactive analysis software EVOCANTO. Journal of Acoustic Society of America. 128(4), 2309.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053715&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>10. Potter, R.K., &amp; Steinberg, J.C. (1950). </b>Toward the Specification of Speech. <i>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, </i>22(6), 807&#150;8020.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053717&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>11. Rabiner, L.R., &amp; Schafer, R.W. (1978). </b><i>Digital processing of speech signals. </i>New Jersey: Prentice Hall.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053719&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>12. Seashore, C.E. (1932). </b><i>The vibrato. </i>Iowa City: University of Iowa.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053721&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>13. Stanley, D. (1958). </b><i>The science of voice: an application of the laws of acoustics, anatomy, physiology and psychology to the problems of vocal technic </i>(5<sup>th</sup> ed.). New York: Carl Fischer.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053723&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>14. Sundberg, J. (1987). </b><i>The science of the singing voice. </i>Illinois: Northern Illinois University.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053725&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>15. Sundberg, J. (2000). </b>Where does the sound come from?. In Potter, J. (ed.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Singing. </i>Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 231&#150;247.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053727&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>16. Titze, I.R., Story, B., Smith, M., &amp; Long, R. (2002). </b>A reflex resonance model of vocal vibrato. <i>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, </i>111(5), 2272&#150;2282.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053729&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>17. Van Rossum, G. (2003). </b><i>The Python Language Reference Manual. </i>Bristol: Network Theory Limited</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2053731&pid=S1405-5546201100030000500017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> ]]></body><back>
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