<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-3322</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-3322</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Geológica Mexicana A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-33222010000200002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ecuación para la Corrección Poynting en Termodinámica de Equilibrio de Fases Gases no Polares-Sistemas Acuosos: Aplicación al Sistema H2S-H2O-NaCl]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Equation for the Poynting correction in equilibrium thermodynamics between non-polar gas phases and aqueous systems: Application to the H2S-H2O-NaCl]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Renee J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Partida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tinoco Michel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campo de Juriquilla Centro de Geociencias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Qro.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Calgary Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Calgary Alberta]]></addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>213</fpage>
<lpage>220</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-33222010000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-33222010000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-33222010000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En el presente trabajo se empleó la expresión semi-teórica del volumen molar parcial a dilución infinita acuosa para solutos volátiles no electrolíticos (V2(0)), desarrollada por Plyasunov et al. (2000b) con el propósito de proponer una ecuación novedosa para corrección Poynting. La fórmula matemática de V2(0) considera la densidad y la compresibilidad isotérmica del solvente como variables, así como el segundo coeficiente virial cruzado solvente-soluto (&#946;12) y el segundo coeficiente virial del solvente puro (&#946;11). La ecuación se integró analíticamente respecto a la presión utilizando algunas correlaciones auxiliares que se encuentran en la literatura, para obtener así la expresión matemática del incremento isotérmico de energía estándar (o potencial químico) de Gibbs del soluto a dilución infinita (&#916;G2(0)). La ecuación matemática es aplicable a los solutos cuyo &#946;12 es conocido o se puede estimar, en un intervalo de temperatura de 273.16 K a 647 K, valores de presión de hasta 2 kbar y en salmueras con fuerza iónica de hasta 6 m NaCl. La expresión proporciona excelente correlación con datos experimentales, tal como se demuestra para el sistema H2S-H2O-NaCl (con desviación máxima del 7%), mediante un modelo termodinámico que emplea esta fórmula propuesta, acoplada a la Ley de Henry y a la ecuación de estado de Soave-Redlich-Kwong para describir el equilibrio de fases líquido-vapor. De igual manera, se propone una expresión alternativa para calculo de V2(0) (con valores semejantes de desviación máxima).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this paper we used the semitheoretical expression for the partial molar volume at infinite dilution ofvolatile aqueous non-electrolyte solute (V2(0)), developed by Plyasunov et al. (2000b) in order to propose a new equation for Poynting correction. The mathematical formula V2(0) considers as variables the density and isothermal compressibility of the solvent, as well as the second cross solvent-solute virial coefficient (&#946;12) and the second virial coefficient of pure solvent (&#946;11). The equation was integrated analytically with respect to pressure using some auxiliary correlations found in the literature, and thereby obtain a mathematical expression of the isothermal pressure increment of the standard (infinite dilution) Gibbs energy (or chemical potential) of the solute (&#916;G2(0)). The mathematical equation is applicable to solutes whose &#946;12 is known or can be estimated, in a temperature range of273.16 K to 647 K, values of pressure up to 2 kbar and brines with ionic strength equal to 6 m NaCl. The expression fits the experimental data very well, as shown for the H2S-H2O-NaCl system (with maximum deviation of 7%), through a thermodynamic model that uses this formula proposal coupled with the Law of Henry and the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state for modeling the liquid-vapor phase equilibria. Similarly, we propose an alternative expression for calculating V2(0) (with similar values of maximum deviation).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[corrección Poynting]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelado termodinámico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thermodynamic modeling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Poynting correction]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Art&iacute;culos</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Ecuaci&oacute;n para la Correcci&oacute;n Poynting en Termodin&aacute;mica de Equilibrio de Fases Gases no Polares&#150;Sistemas Acuosos. Aplicaci&oacute;n al Sistema H<sub>2</sub>S&#150;H<sub>2</sub>O&#150;NaCl</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="3"><b> Equation for the Poynting correction in equilibrium thermodynamics between non&#150;polar gas phases and aqueous systems. Application to the H<sub>2</sub>S&#150;H<sub>2</sub>O&#150;NaCl</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Jos&eacute; Mart&iacute;nez Reyes<sup>1</sup>*, Renee J. P&eacute;rez<sup>2,3</sup>, Eduardo Gonz&aacute;lez Partida<sup>1</sup>, Jorge A. Tinoco Michel<sup>1</sup></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1</sup> Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico Campo de Juriquilla, Qro., M&eacute;xico, apartado postal 76230. *E&#150;mail:</i> <a href="mailto:jmreyes@geociencias.unam.mx">jmreyes@geociencias.unam.mx</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>2</sup> Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 500 University Drive, Calgary Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4.</i></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>3</sup> ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company 3120 Buffalo Speedway, Houston, TX 77098.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Manuscrito recibido: Febrero 8, 2010.    <br>   Manuscrito corregido recibido: Abril 12, 2010.    <br>   Manuscrito aceptado: Mayo 4, 2010.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En el presente trabajo se emple&oacute; la expresi&oacute;n semi&#150;te&oacute;rica del volumen molar parcial a diluci&oacute;n infinita acuosa para solutos vol&aacute;tiles no electrol&iacute;ticos (<i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i>), desarrollada por Plyasunov <i>et al. </i>(2000b) con el prop&oacute;sito de proponer una ecuaci&oacute;n novedosa para correcci&oacute;n Poynting. La f&oacute;rmula matem&aacute;tica de <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i> considera la densidad y la compresibilidad isot&eacute;rmica del solvente como variables, as&iacute; como el segundo coeficiente virial cruzado solvente&#150;soluto (<i><i>&#946;<sub>12</sub></i></i>) y el segundo coeficiente virial del solvente puro (<i>&#946;<sub>11</sub></i>).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">La ecuaci&oacute;n se integr&oacute; anal&iacute;ticamente respecto a la presi&oacute;n utilizando algunas correlaciones auxiliares que se encuentran en la literatura, para obtener as&iacute; la expresi&oacute;n matem&aacute;tica del incremento isot&eacute;rmico de energ&iacute;a est&aacute;ndar (o potencial qu&iacute;mico) de Gibbs del soluto a diluci&oacute;n infinita (&#916;<i>G<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i>). La ecuaci&oacute;n matem&aacute;tica es aplicable a los solutos cuyo <i><i><i>&#946;<sub>12</sub></i></i> </i>es conocido o se puede estimar, en un intervalo de temperatura de 273.16 K a 647 K, valores de presi&oacute;n de hasta 2 kbar y en salmueras con fuerza i&oacute;nica de hasta 6 m NaCl. La expresi&oacute;n proporciona excelente correlaci&oacute;n con datos experimentales, tal como se demuestra para el sistema H<sub>2</sub>S&#150;H<sub>2</sub>O&#150;NaCl (con desviaci&oacute;n m&aacute;xima del 7%), mediante un modelo termodin&aacute;mico que emplea esta f&oacute;rmula propuesta, acoplada a la Ley de Henry y a la ecuaci&oacute;n de estado de Soave&#150;Redlich&#150;Kwong para describir el equilibrio de fases l&iacute;quido&#150;vapor. De igual manera, se propone una expresi&oacute;n alternativa para calculo de <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup> </i>(con valores semejantes de desviaci&oacute;n m&aacute;xima).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave: </b>correcci&oacute;n Poynting, modelado termodin&aacute;mico.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">In this paper we used the semitheoretical expression for the partial molar volume at infinite dilution ofvolatile aqueous non&#150;electrolyte solute (<i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i>), developed by Plyasunov et al. (2000b) in order to propose a new equation for Poynting correction. The mathematical formula <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i> considers as variables the density and isothermal compressibility of the solvent, as well as the second cross solvent&#150;solute virial coefficient (<i><i><i>&#946;<sub>12</sub></i></i></i>) and the second virial coefficient of pure solvent <i><i>(<i>&#946;<sub>11</sub></i></i></i>).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The equation was integrated analytically with respect to pressure using some auxiliary correlations found in the literature, and thereby obtain a mathematical expression of the isothermal pressure increment of the standard (infinite dilution) Gibbs energy (or chemical potential) of the solute (&#916;<i>G<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i>). The mathematical equation is applicable to solutes whose <i><i><i>&#946;<sub>12</sub></i></i></i> is known or can be estimated, in a temperature range of273.16 K to 647 K, values of pressure up to 2 kbar and brines with ionic strength equal to 6 m NaCl. The expression fits the experimental data very well, as shown for the H<sub>2</sub>S&#150;H<sub>2</sub>O&#150;NaCl system (with maximum deviation of 7%), through a thermodynamic model that uses this formula proposal coupled with the Law of Henry and the Soave&#150;Redlich&#150;Kwong equation of state for modeling the liquid&#150;vapor phase equilibria. Similarly, we propose an alternative expression for calculating  <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i> (with similar values of maximum deviation).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>thermodynamic modeling, Poynting correction.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>1. Introducci&oacute;n</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">La energ&iacute;a est&aacute;ndar de Gibbs molar parcial de hidrataci&oacute;n de no electrolitos (&#916;<i>G<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i>) es la propiedad termodin&aacute;mica m&aacute;s importante para modelado geoqu&iacute;mico (Plyasunov <i>et al., </i>2000b), debido a que con ella se aplica la correcci&oacute;n Poynting en termodin&aacute;mica de equilibrio de fases l&iacute;quido&#150;vapor a temperaturas y presiones altas (Carroll, 1991; Plyasunov <i>et al., </i>2000a, b; Fern&aacute;ndez&#150;Prini <i>et al., </i>2003).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En el presente trabajo se ha considerado la expresi&oacute;n semi&#150;te&oacute;rica para el c&aacute;lculo del volumen molar parcial a diluci&oacute;n infinita para solutos vol&aacute;tiles acuosos no electrol&iacute;ticos (<i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i>), desarrollada por Plyasunov <i>et al. </i>(2000a, b) con el objeto de proponer una ecuaci&oacute;n para correcci&oacute;n Poynting, as&iacute; como una f&oacute;rmula alternativa para c&aacute;lculo de <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i>.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">La f&oacute;rmula para determinaci&oacute;n de <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i> de Plyasunov <i>et al. </i>(2000a, b) fue desarrollada con base en la teor&iacute;a de fluctuaci&oacute;n de una soluci&oacute;n (Kirkwood y Buff, 1951) as&iacute; como de la teor&iacute;a de fluctuaci&oacute;n mec&aacute;nica estad&iacute;stica de una soluci&oacute;n (O'Connell, 1971, 1994 y 1995). La ecuaci&oacute;n considera la densidad y compresibilidad isot&eacute;rmica del solvente, as&iacute; como el segundo coeficiente virial cruzado solvente&#150;soluto y el segundo coeficiente virial del solvente puro, lo que permite aplicarla en un amplio rango de temperatura y presi&oacute;n. Esta ecuaci&oacute;n es la siguiente (Plyasunov <i>et al., </i>2000a, b):</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s1.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Donde <i>V<sub>1</sub><sup>0</sup></i> y <i>&#954;<sub>PT</sub> </i>son el volumen molar y la compresibilidad isot&eacute;rmica del agua en unidades de cm<sup>3</sup>mol<sup>&#150;1</sup> y bar<sup>&#150;1</sup>, respectivamente; <i>&#961;<sub>PT</sub> </i>es la densidad del agua a presi&oacute;n y temperatura determinada expresada en m<sup>3</sup>/kg; <i>&#937; </i>es un factor de conversi&oacute;n igual a 1000/18.016 mol/kg H<sub>2</sub>O; <i>c<sub>1</sub></i>=0.0033 y <i>c<sub>2</sub></i>=0.002, ambas en m<sup>3</sup>/kg, se pueden considerar constantes universales; <i>N= </i>1.53+/&#150;0.05 (adimensional); <i>a= </i>&#150;2.8+/&#150;0.04 m<sup>3</sup>K<sup>5</sup>kg<sup>&#150;1</sup> y <i>b=</i>1.23+/&#150; 0.03 m<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>1</sup>, son par&aacute;metros espec&iacute;ficos del soluto y se encuentran tabulados o se dan estrategias de c&aacute;lculo para los mismos en Plyasunov <i>et al.</i> (2000a, b); <i>&#946;<sub>12</sub> </i>es el segundo coeficiente virial cruzado solvente&#150;soluto y <i>&#946;<sub>11</sub></i> es el segundo coeficiente virial de agua pura en m<sup>3</sup>/mol.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Estos coeficientes viriales pueden calcularse a partir de la expresi&oacute;n de Pitzer (1995):</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s2.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">donde <i>&#963;<sub>ij</sub></i>=2.56x10<sup>&#150;10</sup> m es la distancia entre los centros de masa en las colisiones de las part&iacute;culas <i>i </i>y <i>j</i>, <i>&#955;</i>=1.22 (se considera una constante universal) es el ancho del pozo potencial en di&aacute;metros moleculares, <i>N<sub>Av</sub></i>=6.023x10<sup>23</sup> es el n&uacute;mero de Avogadro, <i>&#949;<sub>ij</sub></i>/<i>&#954;<sub>B</sub></i>=1255 K es la profundidad del pozo, <i>&#949;<sub>ij</sub></i> representa la energ&iacute;a potencial m&iacute;nima entre las part&iacute;culas <i>i </i>y <i>j </i>y <i>&#954;<sub>B</sub></i> es el factor de Boltzmann (Plyasunov <i>et al., </i>2000a, b).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El cambio isot&eacute;rmico de energ&iacute;a est&aacute;ndar de Gibbs (o potencial qu&iacute;mico) del soluto vol&aacute;til (&#916;<i>G<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i>), se puede obtener integrando anal&iacute;ticamente la ecuaci&oacute;n (1) respecto a la presi&oacute;n (<i>P</i>) asumiendo as&iacute; de manera rigurosa la dependencia matem&aacute;tica que guarda <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup> </i>respecto a <i>P </i>(Fern&aacute;ndez&#150;Prini <i>et al., </i>2003), de acuerdo a la expresi&oacute;n (Plyasunov <i>et al., </i>2000a, b; Fern&aacute;ndez&#150;Prini <i>et al., </i>2003):</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s3.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Con &#916;<i>G<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup> </i>se aplica la correcci&oacute;n Poynting, para compensar la desviaci&oacute;n del potencial qu&iacute;mico del soluto gaseoso en la fase l&iacute;quida a temperatura y presi&oacute;n altas (Carroll, 1991; Orbey y Sandler, 1998; Fern&aacute;ndez&#150;Prini <i>et al., </i>2003; P&eacute;rez <i>et al., </i>2009).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>2. Integraci&oacute;n Anal&iacute;tica de <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i></b></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En la integraci&oacute;n de la ecuaci&oacute;n (1), se asumi&oacute; que <i>V<sub>1</sub><sup>0</sup>, &#954;<sub>P,T </sub></i>y <i>&#961;<sub>PT</sub> </i>tambi&eacute;n dependen de la presi&oacute;n. Para introducir esta dependencia se emplearon una serie de correlaciones auxiliares. En primer lugar, la compresibilidad del solvente se calcul&oacute; de acuerdo a:</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s4.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">La ecuaci&oacute;n (4) describe la curva de presi&oacute;n de vapor saturado de agua bajo su punto critico (Rowlinson y Swinton, 1982; Prausnitz <i>et al., </i>1999; Plyasunov <i>et al., </i>2000b), lo cual es la condici&oacute;n limitante de la expresi&oacute;n desarrollada en este trabajo, donde <i>B=</i>3430 bar (Heidemann <i>et al., </i>1984) y <i>A </i>se puede calcular de acuerdo a la f&oacute;rmula de Kell (1975):</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s5.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Donde <i>t </i>es la temperatura expresada en grados Celsius.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">A partir de la ecuaci&oacute;n (4) se obtienen tambi&eacute;n las siguientes expresiones para el volumen molar parcial y la densidad del solvente:</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s6.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s7.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Donde la presi&oacute;n de vapor saturado <i>P<sub>sat</sub> </i>a una determinada <i>T </i>se obtiene a partir de Saul y Wagner (1987), mientras que el volumen espec&iacute;fico de agua <i>v<sub>0</sub> </i>a su presi&oacute;n de vapor saturado <i>P<sub>sat</sub></i>, se calcula a partir de Haas (1970).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Al sustituir las ecuaciones (2), (4)&#150;(7) en la (1) se obtiene la expresi&oacute;n matem&aacute;tica del volumen molar parcial a diluci&oacute;n infinita acuosa para solutos vol&aacute;tiles no electrol&iacute;ticos como funci&oacute;n expl&iacute;cita de la presi&oacute;n.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Para facilitar la integraci&oacute;n anal&iacute;tica de la ecuaci&oacute;n (3), esta se divide en cuatro expresiones integrales simples:</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s8.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El desglose de esta integral (el desarrollo algebraico detallado se muestra en los <a href="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/html/a2a1.htm" target="_blank">Anexos</a> correspondientes), es el siguiente:</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s9.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se debe notar que el termino &#916;<i>G<sub>24</sub><sup>0</sup> </i>(Ecuaci&oacute;n 9d) se ha obtenido aproximando la funci&oacute;n exponencial como un polinomio de grado 4 (ver <a href="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/html/a2a1.htm#a2" target="_blank">Anexo B</a>). Como ya se mencion&oacute;, esta expresi&oacute;n es funci&oacute;n de la densidad y la compresibilidad isot&eacute;rmica del solvente, as&iacute; como del segundo coeficiente virial cruzado solvente&#150;soluto, del segundo coeficiente virial del solvente, de la temperatura y de la presi&oacute;n del sistema. Esta ecuaci&oacute;n es aplicable en un intervalo de temperatura de 273.16 K a 647 K, valores de presi&oacute;n de hasta 2 kbar y en salmueras con fuerza i&oacute;nica de hasta 6 m NaCl. La expresi&oacute;n obtenida permite c&aacute;lculos m&aacute;s precisos de equilibrio de fases l&iacute;quido&#150;vapor, a trav&eacute;s de un c&aacute;lculo exacto del factor de correcci&oacute;n Poynting (Carroll, 1991; Fern&aacute;ndez&#150;Prini <i>et al., </i>2003).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Para estudiar el impacto de incluir o no la dependencia del volumen molar sobre la presi&oacute;n en el c&aacute;lculo de equilibrio termodin&aacute;mico de fases, la presente ecuaci&oacute;n se emple&oacute; para determinar el equilibrio del sistema H<sub>2</sub>S&#150;H<sub>2</sub>O&#150;NaCl, tal como se describe a continuaci&oacute;n</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>3. Modelo Termodin&aacute;mico con Integraci&oacute;n Simple de <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Para calcular el equilibrio del sistema H<sub>2</sub>S&#150;H<sub>2</sub>O&#150;NaCl se ha considerado un modelo termodin&aacute;mico que describe el comportamiento de la mezcla de gases en agua y en salmuera, como la de cloruro de sodio. El primer punto para el an&aacute;lisis termodin&aacute;mico del equilibrio de fases es la igualdad de potenciales qu&iacute;micos (<i>&#956;</i>) de cada componente que coexiste entre las fases (Fern&aacute;ndez&#150;Prini y Crovetto, 1989; Carroll, 1991; Prausnitz <i>et al., </i>1999; Orbey y Sandler, 1998; Fern&aacute;ndez&#150;Prini <i>et al., </i>2003). La condici&oacute;n de equilibrio para un soluto gaseoso 2 entre una fase vapor (<i>v</i>) y una salmuera (<i>b</i>) puede escribirse de la siguiente manera:</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s10.jpg"></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En el modelo, el potencial qu&iacute;mico del soluto en la salmuera se relaciona con el potencial qu&iacute;mico del soluto en agua pura a trav&eacute;s de los coeficientes "salting&#150;out", definidos por Setchenow (1892). Los coeficientes de fugacidad de los componentes de la mezcla de vapor se pueden calcular con cualquier ecuaci&oacute;n de estado. En este trabajo se emple&oacute; la ecuaci&oacute;n de estado de Soave&#150;Redlich&#150;Kwong (Soave, 1972). El par&aacute;metro de interacci&oacute;n binaria del H<sub>2</sub>S&#150;H<sub>2</sub>O resultante es <i>k<sub>ij</sub></i>= 0.20. Para la fase de salmuera, la fugacidad de los solutos vol&aacute;tiles se calcula con la ley de Henry modificada (Harvey, 1996; Fern&aacute;ndez&#150;Prini y Crovetto, 1989; Fern&aacute;ndez&#150;Prini <i>et al., </i>2003; P&eacute;rez y Heidemann, 2006; P&eacute;rez <i>et al., </i>2009).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Para el sistema en estudio, la ecuaci&oacute;n (10) se puede expresar como:</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s11.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">donde <i>f<sub>2v</sub> </i>es la fugacidad del soluto gaseoso en la fase vapor, <i>H<sub>2w</sub> </i>la constante de Henry del soluto gaseoso en el agua, <i>&#947;<sub>2b</sub> </i>el coeficiente de actividad del soluto gaseoso en la salmuera, <i>&#967;<sub>2b</sub> </i>la fracci&oacute;n molar del soluto gaseoso en la salmuera, <i>S<sub>2</sub> </i>el coeficiente "salting&#150;out" o de Setchenow del soluto gaseoso, <i>m<sub>k</sub> </i>la molalidad de la sal <i>k </i>disuelta en la salmuera, <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup> </i>el volumen molar parcial a diluci&oacute;n infinita acuosa del soluto vol&aacute;til no electrol&iacute;tico, <i>P </i>la presi&oacute;n del sistema, <i>P<sub>sat</sub> </i>la presi&oacute;n de saturaci&oacute;n de la salmuera, <i>R </i>la constante de los gases y <i>T </i>la temperatura absoluta del sistema. El t&eacute;rmino exponencial en el lado derecho de la ecuaci&oacute;n (11) es el factor de correcci&oacute;n Poynting (Carroll, 1991; Fern&aacute;ndez&#150;Prini <i>et al., </i>2003).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Habitualmente, para facilitar su c&aacute;lculo se asume un valor medio de <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup> </i>en el rango de presiones de inter&eacute;s, lo cual resulta en la siguiente expresi&oacute;n (Carroll, 1991; P&eacute;rez <i>et al., </i>2009):</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s12.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Adem&aacute;s:</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s13.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">donde <i>&#966;<sub>2v</sub> </i>es el coeficiente de fugacidad del soluto vol&aacute;til en la fase vapor e <i>y<sub>2</sub> </i>la fracci&oacute;n molar del soluto vol&aacute;til en la fase vapor.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Las constantes de Henry del H<sub>2</sub>S en H<sub>2</sub>O se obtuvieron directamente de Fern&aacute;ndez&#150;Prini <i>et al. </i>(2003) y Harvey (1996), con la expresi&oacute;n:</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s14.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">donde &#964;=1&#150;<i>T<sub>r</sub></i>, <i>T<sub>R</sub>=T</i>/<i>T<sub>C1</sub>, T<sub>C1</sub> </i>es la temperatura cr&iacute;tica del solvente aceptada por IAPWS (1995) (647.096 K para el H<sub>2</sub>O), <i>A</i>=&#150;4.51499, <i>B=</i>5.23538, <i>C=</i>4.42126 (son constantes especificas del H<sub>2</sub>S) y <i>p<i><sub>1</sub></i><sup>*</sup> </i>es la presi&oacute;n de vapor del solvente a la temperatura de inter&eacute;s.<i> p<i><sub>1</sub></i><sup>*</sup></i> se calcula a partir de la correlaci&oacute;n de Wagner y Pruss (1993) para el H<sub>2</sub>O, con la expresi&oacute;n:</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s15.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Donde <i>a<sub>1</sub></i>=7.85951783, <i>a<sub>2</sub></i>=1.84408259, <i>a<sub>3</sub></i>=&#150;11.7866497, <i>a<sub>4</sub></i>=22.6807411, <i>a<sub>5</sub></i>=&#150;15.9618719, <i>a<sub>6</sub></i>=1.80122502, <i>P<sub>C1</sub></i>, es la presi&oacute;n cr&iacute;tica del solvente aceptada por la IAPWS en 1995 (<i>P<sub>C1</sub></i>=220.64 bar). Los datos experimentales de solubilidad de sulfuro de hidr&oacute;geno en agua fueron obtenidos de Lee y Mather (1977). Los valores de la presi&oacute;n cr&iacute;tica, la temperatura cr&iacute;tica y factor ac&eacute;ntrico para el sulfuro de hidr&oacute;geno se tomaron de la literatura (Duan <i>et al., </i>1996) y son 89.63 bar, 373.4 K y 0.09, respectivamente. El c&aacute;lculo de la solubilidad del H<sub>2</sub>S en H<sub>2</sub>O se hizo para diferentes condiciones de temperatura, presi&oacute;n y concentraci&oacute;n de NaC1. En la <a href="#f1">Figura 1</a> se comparan los resultados calculados con los datos experimentales de Lee y Mather (1977). Esta figura muestra que las predicciones se encuentran aproximadamente dentro de la incertidumbre experimental (desviaci&oacute;n m&aacute;xima del 17%) cuando se asume un valor medio del volumen molar parcial del H<sub>2</sub>S en el c&aacute;lculo del factor de correcci&oacute;n Poynting (P&eacute;rez <i>et al., </i>2009).</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a name="f1" id="f1"></a></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2f1.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>4. El Modelo Termodin&aacute;mico con Integraci&oacute;n Anal&iacute;tica de <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Para describir de manera m&aacute;s exacta el equilibrio l&iacute;quido&#150;vapor del sistema H<sub>2</sub>S&#150;H<sub>2</sub>O&#150;NaCl se considera la dependencia del volumen molar parcial del soluto sobre la presi&oacute;n y la temperatura. En este caso, nuevamente se emplea el modelo termodin&aacute;mico descrito en la secci&oacute;n anterior. La ecuaci&oacute;n (11) tambi&eacute;n puede expresarse como:</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s16.jpg"></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El factor de correcci&oacute;n Poynting de (16) se calcula de acuerdo a las ecuaciones (8) y (9). El comportamiento del sistema H2S&#150;H2O&#150;NaCl calculado de esta manera se muestra en la <a href="#f2">Figura 2</a>.</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a name="f2"></a></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2f2.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Comparando las <a href="#f1">figuras 1</a> y <a href="#f2">2</a>, se observa que al incluir la dependencia del volumen molar sobre la presi&oacute;n en el factor de correcci&oacute;n Poynting, de acuerdo a las ecuaciones (1), (8) y (9), se reproducen mejor los datos experimentales de solubilidad para el sistema H<sub>2</sub>S&#150;H<sub>2</sub>O&#150;NaCl (desviaci&oacute;n m&aacute;xima del 7%).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Partiendo de las ecuaciones anteriormente mencionadas, el volumen molar parcial a diluci&oacute;n infinita de un soluto gaseoso en una soluci&oacute;n acuosa <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup>, </i>puede calcularse de la siguiente forma (Prausnitz <i>et al., </i>1999; P&eacute;rez <i>et al., </i>2009):</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2s17.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Las ecuaciones (17a)&#150;(17e) son el modelo de Plyasunov <i>et al. </i>(2000b) expresado en funci&oacute;n de las correlaciones auxiliares (ecuaciones 4 a 7).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Empleando las ecuaciones (17a)&#150;(17e) para el c&aacute;lculo de <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup> </i>(modelo del presente trabajo), as&iacute; como la expresi&oacute;n de Plyasunov <i>et al. </i>(2000b) y los datos experimentales de Hnedkovsky <i>et al. </i>(1996) para el volumen molar parcial a diluci&oacute;n infinita (<i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup></i>) del H<sub>2</sub>S, se obtienen gr&aacute;ficas de valores de <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup> </i>de las fuentes indicadas, donde se reafirma la excelente correlaci&oacute;n con datos experimentales que proporciona la expresi&oacute;n alternativa para <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup> </i>propuesta en el presente trabajo (<a href="#f3">Figura 3</a>, <a href="#f4">Figura 4</a>).</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a name="f3"></a></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2f3.jpg"></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a name="f4"></a></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><img src="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/a2f4.jpg"></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">De esta forma, se demuestra la consistencia matem&aacute;tica y conceptual de la ecuaci&oacute;n para correcci&oacute;n Poynting y de la expresi&oacute;n alternativa para c&aacute;lculo de <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup>, </i>propuestas en este manuscrito.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El presente trabajo es una propuesta original, que innova totalmente de la manera descrita. El &uacute;nico antecedente de una ecuaci&oacute;n para correcci&oacute;n Poynting existente es una expresi&oacute;n muy sencilla, representada en los t&eacute;rminos de la extrema derecha de las ecuaciones (11) y (12) (Carroll, 1991; Fern&aacute;ndez&#150;Prini <i>et al., </i>2003).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>5. Conclusiones</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En el presente trabajo se ha propuesto una ecuaci&oacute;n para el c&aacute;lculo del cambio isot&eacute;rmico de energ&iacute;a est&aacute;ndar (diluci&oacute;n infinita) de Gibbs del soluto gaseoso no polar, aplicable en un intervalo de temperatura de 273.16 K a 647 K, valores de presi&oacute;n de hasta 2 kbar y en salmueras con fuerza i&oacute;nica de hasta 6 m NaCl, para aplicaci&oacute;n de la correcci&oacute;n Poynting. Esta f&oacute;rmula se obtiene integrando anal&iacute;ticamente respecto a la presi&oacute;n la expresi&oacute;n semite&oacute;rica del volumen molar parcial a diluci&oacute;n infinita acuosa para solutos vol&aacute;tiles no electrol&iacute;ticos de Plyasunov <i>et al. </i>(2000b). La ecuaci&oacute;n propuesta se ha aplicado en el c&aacute;lculo de equilibrio de fases l&iacute;quido&#150;vapor del sistema H<sub>2</sub>S&#150;H<sub>2</sub>O&#150;NaCl, para el cual proporciona una excelente correlaci&oacute;n con los datos experimentales (con desviaci&oacute;n m&aacute;xima del 7%). De igual manera, se propone una expresi&oacute;n alternativa para calculo de <i>V<sub>2</sub><sup>0</sup> </i>(con valores semejantes de desviaci&oacute;n m&aacute;xima).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Agradecimientos</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El presente trabajo fue elaborado con soporte econ&oacute;mico del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog&iacute;a (CONACYT), al cual se expresa el agradecimiento respectivo.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Referencias</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Arfken, G., Weber J.H., 1985, Mathematical Methods for Physicists: Orlando, Florida, E.U.A., Academic Press, 120 p.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1383752&pid=S1405-3322201000020000200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Carroll, J.J., 1991, What is Henry's Law?: Chemical Engineering Progress, 87, 48&#150;52.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1383754&pid=S1405-3322201000020000200002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Duan, Z., Moller, N., Weare, J.H., 1996, Prediction of the solubility of H<sub>2</sub>S in NaCl aqueous solution: an equation of state approach: Chemical Geology, 130, 15&#150;20.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1383756&pid=S1405-3322201000020000200003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Fern&aacute;ndez&#150;Prini, R., Alvarez, J.L., Harvey, A.H., 2003, Henry's constants and vapor&#150;liquid distribution constants for gaseous solutes in H<sub>2</sub>O and D<sub>2</sub>O at high temperatures: Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 32, 903&#150;916.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1383758&pid=S1405-3322201000020000200004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Fern&aacute;ndez&#150;Prini, R., Crovetto, R., 1989, Evaluation of Data on Solubility of Simple Apolar Gases in Light and Heavy Water at High Temperature : Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 18, 1231&#150;1243.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1383760&pid=S1405-3322201000020000200005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Haas, J.L., 1970, An equation for the density of vapor&#150;saturated NaCl&#150;H<sub>2</sub>O solutions from 75 degrees to 325 degrees C: American Journal of Science, 269, 489&#150;493.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1383762&pid=S1405-3322201000020000200006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Harvey, A.H., 1996, Semiempirical correlation for Henry's constants over large temperature ranges : American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal, 42, 1491&#150;1494.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1383764&pid=S1405-3322201000020000200007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Heidemann, R.A., Jeje, A.A., Mohtadi, F., 1984, An introduction to the properties of fluids and solids: Calgary, Alberta, Canada, University of Calgary Press, 401 p.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1383766&pid=S1405-3322201000020000200008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Hnedkovsky, L., Wood, R.H., Majer, V., 1996, Volumes of aqueous solutions of CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S and NH<sub>3</sub> at temperatures from 298.15 to 705 K and pressures to 35 MPa: The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 28, 125&#150;142.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1383768&pid=S1405-3322201000020000200009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
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<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b><a href="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/html/a2a1.htm#a2" target="_blank">Anexo B</a></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b><a href="/img/revistas/bsgm/v62n2/html/a2a1.htm#a3" target="_blank">Anexo C</a> </b></font></p>      ]]></body><back>
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