<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-2768</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Polibotánica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Polibotánica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-2768</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-27682021000100171</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18387/polibotanica.51.11</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Semillas de rabanitos (Raphanus sativus L): observaciones de su morfología bajo microscopía electrónica, germinación y utilidad para estudios de fitotoxicidad.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Seeds of radishes (Raphanus sativus L): observations of its morphology under electron microscopy, germination and usefulness for phytotoxicity studies.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taladrid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Semillas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>51</numero>
<fpage>171</fpage>
<lpage>183</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-27682021000100171&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-27682021000100171&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-27682021000100171&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Raphanus sativus es una planta importante en la industria de las semillas de todo el mundo especialmente en Asia. Actualmente el conocimiento de su genoma convierte a este organismo en un buen modelo para análisis científicos como los que describen la acumulación de sustancias tóxicas como metales pesados en las plantas. Raphanus sativus es una planta dicotiledónea que se cultiva en todo el mundo. Pertenece a la misma familia que Arabidopsis thaliana: Brassicaceae. Se conocen muchos aspectos de su biología y se considera una especie apta para estudios de ecotoxicología. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la morfología y algunas características de la germinación de las semillas de R. sativus con la finalidad de establecer un test de germinación. Describimos la morfología observada mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB) e histología de las semillas. Además, también se describe brevemente la germinación observada de las semillas de R. sativus. El color de la capa seminal varía entre los marrones claros, la forma es ovoide e irregular y mide aproximadamente tres (3) mm de diámetro. Estas semillas son apropiadas para ser utilizadas en la evaluación de los efectos tóxicos de ciertos compuestos químicos especialmente sobre el proceso de germinación. La velocidad del crecimiento radicular mostró gran heterogeneidad entre las semillas de un mismo grupo experimental por lo cual la longitud de la radícula no es un buen parámetro para ser usado como indicador de posibles efectos tóxicos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Raphanus sativus is an important plant in the seed industry worldwide especially in Asia. Currently, knowledge of its genome makes this organism a good model for scientific analyzes such as those that describe the accumulation of toxic substances such as heavy metals in plants. Raphanus sativus is a dicotyledonous plant that is cultivated throughout the world. The radish belongs to the same family of Arabidopsis thaliana: Brassicaceae. Many aspects of its biology are known and it is considered a species suitable for ecotoxicology studies. The objective of this work was to analyze the morphology and some characteristics of the germination of R. sativus seeds in order to establish a germination test. We describe the morphology observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and histology of the seeds. Furthermore, the observed germination of R. sativus seeds is also briefly described. The color of the seminal layer varies between light brown, the shape is ovoid and irregular and measures approximately three (3) mm in diameter. These seeds are appropriate to be used in the evaluation of the toxic effects of certain chemical compounds especially on the germination process. The speed of root growth showed great heterogeneity among the seeds of the same experimental group, therefore the length of the radicle is not a good parameter to be used as an indicator of possible toxic effects.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rabanitos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[test de germinación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecotoxicología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[histología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[forma de las semillas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[radishes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[germination test]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecotoxicology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[histology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seeds shape]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banihani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Diabetes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1014</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Classification system for seed dormancy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Seed Science Research]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>1-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Underdeveloped embryos in dwarf seeds and implications for assignment to dormancy class]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Seed Science Research]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>357-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bewley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seed Germination and Dormancy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Plant Cell]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>1055-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bewley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Black]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Seeds - Physiology of Development and Germination]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>445</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Science &amp; Business Media]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carpita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabularse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montezinos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determination of the Pore Size of Cell Walls of Living Plant Cells]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>205</volume>
<page-range>1144-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Copeland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mc Donald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Germination]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Principles of Seed Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<page-range>59-100</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston, MA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genome sequencing supports a multi-vertex model for Brassiceae species]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Plant Biol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>79-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choudhary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhardwaj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.-Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interaction of Brassinosteroids and Polyamines Enhances Copper Stress Tolerance in Raphanus sativus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Experimental Botany]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>5659-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Santo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardinali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thevenon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estudio anatómico y distribución de las reservas proteicas y lipídicas en semillas de diferentes tamaños de Cuphea glutinosa (Lythraceae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>3-4</numero>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<page-range>341-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Don]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kahlert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McLaren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ISTA Handbook on Seedling Evaluation]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<edition>Third</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bassersdorf ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Seed Testing Association (ISTA)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gül]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determining the best sprouting conditions for germination of radish (Raphanus sativus) seeds consumed as vegetables]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of food, agriculture &amp; Environment]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>123-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasterok]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maluszynka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative Analysis of rDNA Distribution in Chromosomes of Various Species of Brassicaceae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of Botany]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>205-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hladun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trumble]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cadmium, Copper, and Lead Accumulation and Bioconcentration in the Vegetative and Reproductive Organs of Raphanus sativus: Implications for Plant Performance and Pollination]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Chemical Ecology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>386-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Promotion of Radish Cotyledon Enlargement and Reducing Sugar Content by Zeatin and Red Light1]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Physiol]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<numero>56</numero>
<issue>56</issue>
<page-range>429-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Husen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siddiqi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plants and microbes assisted selenium nanoparticles: characterization and application]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Nanobiotechnology]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Jaykaran</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Mean ± SEM&#8221; or &#8220;Mean (SD)&#8221;?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian Journal of Pharmacology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>329</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kasem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghareeb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marwa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seed Morphology and Seed Coat Sculpturing of 32 Taxa of Family Brassicaceae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of American Science]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>166-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kitashiba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirakawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kawanabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasegawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tonosaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shirasawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fukushima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yokoi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takahata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kakizaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ishida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shirasawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nishio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Draft sequences of the radish (Raphanus sativus L.) genome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>481-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kostka-Rick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radish (Raphanus sativus L.): A model for studying plant responses to air pollutants and other environmental stresses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Pollution]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>107-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An Ultrastructural Examination of Lead Localisation in Germinating Seeds of Raphanus sativus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Z. Pjlanzenphysiol. Bd]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>33-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hwang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Construction of a reference genetic map of Raphanus sativus based on genotyping by whole-genome resequencing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Theoretical and applied genetics (TAG)]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>259-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muleke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[De novo transcriptome analysis in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and identification of critical genes involved in bolting and flowering]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC genomics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>389</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pirdosti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Movahedi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rostami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of cadmium stress on morpho-physiological traits in garden cress and radish in an aeroponic system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>2591-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Majumdar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte-Gardea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peralta-Videa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardea-Torresdey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interaction of nanoparticles with edible plants and their possible implications in the food chain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>3485-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar Mercado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintero Caleño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urbano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Implementación de la prueba de tetrazolio en las semillas de Raphanus sativus L]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Ciencias Básicas]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>7-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schopfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plachy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Photoinhibition of radish (Raphanus sativus L) seed germination: control of growth potential by cell-wall yielding in the embryo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant, Cell and Environment]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>223-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schopfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plachy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frahry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Release of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (Superoxide Radicals, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Hydroxyl Radicals) and Peroxidase in Germinating Radish Seeds Controlled by Light, Gibberellin and Abscisic Acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Physiology]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>125</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1591-602</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sethy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghosh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of heavy metals on germination of seeds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nat Sci Biol Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>272-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siddiqi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Husen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plant Response to Engineered Metal Oxide Nanoparticles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nanoscale Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stanton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seed variation in Wild Radish: Effect of Seed Size on Components of Seedling and adult Fitness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1105-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsuda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yasumoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamagishi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terachi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Ogura- type male- steril cytoplasm and its comparative analysis with that of normal cytoplasm in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Genomics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>352</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tricault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matejicek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Darmency]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variation of seed dormancy and longevity in Raphanus raphanistrum L]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Seed Science Research]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>34-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tripathi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tripathi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vishwakarma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yadav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dubey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chauhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uptake, Accumulation and Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticle in Autotrophic Plants and Heterotrophic Microbes: A Concentric Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front. Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vercellino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pandolfo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerrota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantamutto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Presotto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of light and the pericarpon on seed dormancy and germination in feral Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Weed Research]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>396-406</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keturi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative seed Germination tests using ten plant species for toxicity assessment of a metal engraving effluent sample]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Water Air Soil Pollut]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>369-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waterworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Footitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finch-Savage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[West]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[DNA damage checkpoint kinase ATM regulates germination and maintains genome stability in seeds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PNAS]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>113</volume>
<numero>34</numero>
<issue>34</issue>
<page-range>9647-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weitbrecht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leubner - Metzger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[First off the mark: early seed germination]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Exp Bot]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>3289-309</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Head]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D-R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. Ch.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phytotoxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles is Related to Both Dissolved Metals Ions and Adsorption of Particles on Seed Surfaces]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Petroleum &amp; Environmental Biotechnology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>126</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seed coat microsculpturing changes during seed development in diploid and amphidiploid Brassica species]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of Botany]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>555-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seed coat development and its evolutionary implications in diploid and amphidiploid Brassica species]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Biologica Cracoviensia]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>15-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuverza-Mena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armendariz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peralta -Videa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardea -Torresdey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Radish Sprouts: Root Growth Reduction and Modifications in the Nutritional Value]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in plant science]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>90</numero>
<issue>90</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuverza-Mena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Viezcas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonilla-Bird]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komárek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peralta-Videa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardea-Torresdey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exposure of engineered nanomaterials to plants: Insights into the physiological and biochemical responses- A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Physiol and Biochemistry]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>110</numero>
<issue>110</issue>
<page-range>236-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
