<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-2253</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[América Latina en la historia económica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Am. Lat. Hist. Econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-2253</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-22532023000100002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18232/20073496.1228</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Supervivencia y transformación de la industria azucarera en el este de Cuba al final del siglo XIX]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Survival and transformation of the sugar industry in the Eastern of Cuba at the end of the 19th century]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santamaría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-22532023000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-22532023000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-22532023000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La industria azucarera se concentró progresivamente en la mitad occidental de Cuba durante el siglo xix, debido a que la oriental estuvo menos poblada y económicamente explotada, lo que además dificultó el acceso de aquella al trabajo, esclavos y su modernización. Este estudio muestra que, sin embargo, en la segunda región subsistieron y se transformaron ingenios que, por tales condiciones, fueron generalmente más grandes y eficientes que los del oeste, aunque agrupados en áreas dispersas y con diferencias sustanciales entre ellos y en las respuestas que dieron a la necesidad de modernizarse y abaratar sus costes, derivados de la abolición y del aumento de la competencia internacional. La investigación muestra, asimismo, que la explicación de esto se halla en el distinto contexto en el que tuvieron que operar en cada una de esas zonas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The sugar industry was progressively concentrated in the western half of Cuba during the 19th century, due to the fact that the eastern was less populated and economically exploited, which also made it difficult for it to access slave labor and modernize it. This study shows that, nevertheless, in the second region, sugar mills survived and were transformed due to such conditions, and were generally larger and more efficient than those in the west, although grouped in dispersed areas and with substantial differences between them and in the responses that they gave to the need to modernize and lower its costs derived from the abolition and the increased of international competition. The research also shows that the explanation for this lies in the different context in which they had to operate in each of these regions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[industria azucarera cubana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[esclavitud y abolición]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ferrocarriles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mitad este de Cuba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[empresas azucareras]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[concentración industrial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cuban sugar industry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[slavery and abolition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[railways]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[middle east of Cuba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sugar companies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[industrial concentration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[N16]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[N56]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[N66]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[N76]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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