<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-2253</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[América Latina en la historia económica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Am. Lat. Hist. Econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-2253</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-22532022000100006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18232/20073496.1185</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[A questão racial e os limites do desenvolvimento econômico-social brasileiro: uma perspectiva crítica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The racial issue and the limits of Brazilian economic and social development: a critical perspective]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guimarães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carnut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Áquilas]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal de São Paulo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Diadema ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal de São Paulo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-22532022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-22532022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-22532022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo O objetivo é analisar a questão racial brasileira como obstáculo histórico ao desenvolvimento econômico-social do país, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica marxista. Considera-se que as relações sociais são moldadas não somente pelo regime de classes como também pelo mito da democracia racial como ferramenta de uma velada segregação &#8211;que, como tal, também se mostra uma densa barreira ao fortalecimento de um proletariado sólido&#8211;. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em defrontar a argumentação das clássicas teses de Florestan Fernandes e Octávio Ianni com artigos científicos mais recentes, levantando convergências e divergências, para, a partir dos dados levantados, demonstrar que a conscientização acerca da questão racial é condição sine qua non para a legitimação e o fortalecimento do proletariado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The objective is to analyze the Brazilian racial issue as a historical obstacle to the country&#8217;s economic and social development, from a critical Marxist perspective. It is considered that social relations are shaped not only by the class regime but also by the myth of racial democracy as a tool of veiled segregation &#8211;which, as such, also proves to be dense barrier to the strengthening of a solid proletariat&#8211;. The methodology used consisted of confronting the arguments of the classic theses of Florestan Fernandes and Octávio Ianni with more recent scientific articles, raising convergences and divergences, in order to demonstrate, from the data collected, that awareness about the racial issue is a sine qua non condition for legitimation. and the strengthening of the proletariat.]]></p></abstract>
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<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pensamento econômico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[economia heterodoxa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[história do pensamento econômico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[marxism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic thought]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heterodox economics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[history of economic thought]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[B51]]></kwd>
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<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[N96]]></kwd>
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