<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-2253</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[América Latina en la historia económica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Am. Lat. Hist. Econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-2253</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-22532021000300002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18232/alhe.1215</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Economic growth, nutrition and living standards in 19th century Lima: new estimates of welfare ratios using a linear programming model]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Crecimiento económico, nutrición y niveles de vida en Lima en el siglo XIX: nuevas estimaciones de ratios de bienestar usando un modelo de programación lineal]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zegarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,CENTRUM Católica Graduate Business School.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-22532021000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-22532021000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-22532021000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This study relies on a linear programming model to estimate welfare ratios in 19th century Lima. By using a linear programming model, the food basket guarantees the intake of basic nutrients at the minimum cost. The subsistence cost includes the cost of food and other basic needs. The estimates show that low-skilled workers in Lima were able to cover their basic needs in 1800-1875. The results also show that living standards of low-skilled workers declined during the Guano Era. Living standards in Lima, however, compared favorably to several cities in Europe.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este estudio se basa en un modelo de programación lineal para estimar ratios de bienestar en Lima en el siglo XIX. Usando un modelo de programación lineal, la canasta de alimentos garantiza el consumo de nutrientes básicos al mínimo costo. El costo de subsistencia incluye el costo de los alimentos y otras necesidades básicas. Las estimaciones muestran que trabajadores poco calificados en Lima pudieron cubrir sus necesidades básicas en 1800-1875. Los resultados también muestran que los niveles de vida de los trabajadores poco calificados disminuyeron durante la Era del Guano. Los niveles de vida en Lima, sin embargo, no eran bajos en comparación con varias ciudades de Europa.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[living costs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[prices]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wages]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lima]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[costos de vida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[precios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salarios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Lima]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[N36]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[I32]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[J31]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[C61]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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