<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-0471</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Madera y bosques]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Madera bosques]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-0471</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Ecología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-04712006000100051</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21829/myb.2006.1211250</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Actividad antifúngica in vitro de los extractivos naturales de especies latifoliadas de la Guayana Venezolana]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Encinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Osvaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNEG Centro Biotecnológico de Guayana Laboratorio Biotecnológico de Productos Forestales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Bolívar]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Los Andes Facultad de Farmacia Instituto de Investigaciones]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mérida ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Los Andes Laboratorio de Productos Forestales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mérida ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>51</fpage>
<lpage>61</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-04712006000100051&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-04712006000100051&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-04712006000100051&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Se determinó en condiciones de laboratorio el efecto microbiológico de los metabolitos secundarios, desarrollados como mecanismo de defensa pasiva, en la madera de las especies Puy (Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl.) Nicholson), Zapatero (Peltogyne porphyrocardia Griseb.), Algarrobo (Hymenaea courbaril L.) y Cartan (Centrolubium paraense Tul. var. orinocense Benth), frente a dos de los más comunes microorganismos que causan deterioro de la madera G. traveum y T. versicolor. El ensayo microbiológico se realizó empleando el método de dilución en gel con inoculación superficial en placa. Se evaluaron tres tipos de solventes de diferente polaridad para la recuperación de los extractivos (acetona, etanol y agua). Se empleó agar extracto de malta como medio de cultivo a tres niveles de concentración de extractivo (0,05%, 0,1% y 0,2% v/v). La inhibición del crecimiento, fue utilizada como una medida para evaluar la efectividad del producto químico natural. Los resultados obtenidos de la evaluación preliminar demostraron que todos los extractos evaluados presentan actividad biológica asociada con los microorganismos de prueba. El perfil de la actividad antifúngica del extracto soluble en agua, sostiene que es el más tolerable por los microorganismos que deterioran la madera, posiblemente atribuido a la presencia de materiales orgánicos señalados como azúcares del duramen. Los extractos acetónicos y etanólicos demostraron tener la capacidad de extraer la mayor cantidad de compuestos biológicamente activos del duramen de las especies evaluadas, al producir elevados niveles de control en el crecimiento de los microorganismos empleados en el estudio.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The microbiological effect of the secondary metabolites developed as mechanism of passive defense, in the wood of the species Puy (Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl.) Nicholson), Zapatero (Peltogyne porphyrocardia Griseb.), Algarrobo (Hymenaea courbaril L.) and Cartan (Centrolubium paraense Tul. var. orinocense Benth) was evaluated under laboratory conditions, against two common microorganisms that cause deterioration on the wood G. traveum and T. versicolor. Antifungal assay was carried out using the agar dilution method with superficial inoculation. Solvents, like acetone, ethanol and water, of different polarity were evaluated for the recovery of the extractives. Malt extract agar was used in the antifungal assay at concentration of 0,05%, 0,1% and 0,2% (v/v). The growth inhibition was used as a measure to evaluate the effectiveness of the natural chemical product. Results of the preliminary evaluation demonstrated that all the evaluated extracts present biological activity associated with the microorganisms test. The antifungal activity of the soluble extract in water, sustains that it is the most tolerant for the microorganisms that deteriorate wood. This may be attributed to the presence of organic materials called heartwood´s sugar. The acetonic and ethanolic extracts showed to have the capacity to extract the higher quantity of active biologically compound of the heartwood of the species, producing higher growth inhibition of the microorganisms used in the study.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Actividad antifúngica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[duramen]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[extractivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metabolitos secundarios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[productos naturales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antifungal activity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heartwood]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[extractives]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[secondary metabolites]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[natural products]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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