<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-0218</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Isonomía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Isonomía]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-0218</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México; Fontamara]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-02182024000200002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5347/isonomia.61/2024.701</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Deliberativismo reflexivo y erosión democrática. Objeciones a las propuestas pluralistas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Reflexive Deliberativism and Democratic Erosion. Objections to Pluralist Proposals]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olivares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicolás Emanuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>61</numero>
<fpage>23</fpage>
<lpage>54</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-02182024000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-02182024000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-02182024000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen ¿Cómo definimos el concepto de erosión democrática?, ¿es intercambiable con los de desconsolidación o regresión democrática?, ¿posee la concepción pluralista de la democracia la suficiente capacidad explicativa de dichos conceptos? Es en atención a dichos tres interrogantes principales que en el presente artículo nos abocaremos a cumplimentar tres objetivos. En primer lugar, identificaremos las respuestas que ofrecieron a dichas incógnitas los politólogos Y. Mounk y R. Foa, quienes han fundado el paradigma de la desconsolidación democrática y asumen una lectura propia de la concepción pluralista de la democracia, así como explicitaremos ciertas objeciones que les han formulado algunos de sus colegas politólogos. En segundo lugar, analizaremos las respuestas que a dichas preguntas brindaron algunos constitucionalistas como A. Dias y R. Gargarella. Este segundo grupo de autores nos permitirá refinar las objeciones a la propuesta teórica de Y. Mounk y R. Foa. En tercer lugar, propondremos una respuesta propia, alternativa y exploratoria a dichas incógnitas, desde una concepción reflexiva del concepto de democracia deliberativa, la cual se construye sobre los aportes deliberativos de J. Habermas, C. S. Nino y J. L. Martí; las teorizaciones sobre reflexividad política de R. Forst, R. Goodin, P. Rosanvallon y M. Archer; y el concepto de neoliberalismo que ofrece W. Brown.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract How do we define the concept of democratic erosion? Is it interchangeable with those of democratic deconsolidation or regression? Does the pluralist conception of democracy have sufficient explanatory capacity for these concepts? It is in response to these three main questions that in this article we will focus on fulfilling three objectives. In the first place, we will identify the answers offered to these questions by the political scientists Y. Mounk and R. Foa, who have founded the paradigm of democratic deconsolidation and assume their own reading of the pluralist conception of democracy, as well as we will explain certain objections that have been raised by some of their political scientist colleagues. Secondly, we will analyze the answers to these questions provided by some constitutionalists such as A. Dias and R. Gargarella. This second group of authors will allow us to refine the objections to the theoretical proposal of Y. Mounk and R. Foa. Thirdly, we will propose our own, alternative and exploratory response to these unknowns, from a reflexive conception of the concept of deliberative democracy, which is built on the deliberative contributions of J. Habermas, C. S. Nino and J. L. Martí; the theorizations of political reflexivity by R. Forst, R. Goodin, P. Rosanvallon, and M. Archer; and the concept of neoliberalism offered by W. Brown.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[erosión democrática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ciencia política empírica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracia pluralista]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[constitucionalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[deliberativismo reflexivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[democratic erosion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[empirical political science]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pluralist democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[constitutionalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reflexive deliberativism]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amoroso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Botelho]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[O declino da democracia na América Latina: Robert Bonifacio. Diagnóstico e fatores explicativos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Sociales]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>74</numero>
<issue>74</issue>
<page-range>41-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Archer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Conversations About Reflexivity]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Archer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Reflexive Im&#961;erative in Late Modernity]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayres Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moraes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[As mídias digitais como ferramentas de manipulação de processos eleitorais democráticos: uma análise do caso Brexit]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Sociales]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>74</numero>
<issue>74</issue>
<page-range>71-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bächtiger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>Et. Al</collab>
<source><![CDATA[The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bermeo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On Democratic Backsliding]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Democracy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>5-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[En las ruinas del neoliberalismo]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Traficantes de Sueños]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cappelen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plunkett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Conceptual Engineering and Conceptual Ethics]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calhoun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Degenerations of Democracy]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Harvard ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[HUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chernilo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reflexivity: Margaret Archer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Debating Humanity]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>181-205</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levitsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Politics]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>430-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Poliarquía]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tecnos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La democracia y sus críticos]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sobre la democracia]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Democratic Decay: Conceptualizing an Emerging Research Field]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hague Journal on the Rule of Law]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>9-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derwich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desconsolidation of Democracy in 21st Century Latin America, Politeja]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>81</numero>
<issue>81</issue>
<page-range>15-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sobre desconsolidação e retrocesso democrático]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Relações Internacionais]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>52</numero>
<issue>52</issue>
<page-range>27-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estlund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La autoridad democrática]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mounk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Danger of Deconsolidation: The Democratic Disconnect]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Democracy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>5-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mounk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Signs of Deconsolidation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Democracy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>5-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mounk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The End of The Consolidation Paradigm]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Democracy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>1-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Justificación y Crítica]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Capital Intelectual]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gargarella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La sala de máquinas de la constitución]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Katz]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gargarella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El derecho como una conversación entre iguales]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gargarella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Republicanismo y socialismo en la teoría política contemporánea]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Re&#961;ublicanismos Rio&#961;latenses. Diálogos sobre filosofía, historia y ciencia política contemporánea]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>127-58</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Mendoza ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Qellqasqa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ginsburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[How to Save a Constitutional Democracy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UCP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Democratic Deliberation Within]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Philoso&#961;hy &amp; Public Affairs]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>81-109</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reflective Democracy]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Innovating Democracy. Democrasic Theory and Practice After the Deliberative Turn]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tushnet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Constitusional Democracy in Crises?]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Habermas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Between Facts and Norms. Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lafont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Democracy without Shortcuts. A Parsici&#961;atory Conce&#961;tion of Deliberative Democracy]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landemore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[O&#961;en Democracy]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[PUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levitsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ziblatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[How Democracies Die]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Crown]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Cambridge Handbook of Deliberative Constitutionalism]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stepan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toward Consolidated Democracies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Democracy]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>14-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La re&#961;ública deliberativa]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Marcial Pons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monsivais-Carrillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La indiferencia hacia la democracia en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Íconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>XXIV</volume>
<numero>66</numero>
<issue>66</issue>
<page-range>151-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Barreneche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La democracia y sus otros. Una contribución desde la semiótica al debate sobre la erosión democrática]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Sociales]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>74</numero>
<issue>74</issue>
<page-range>12-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mounk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El pueblo contra la democracia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fundamentos del Derecho Constitucional]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Astrea]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La constitución de la democracia deliberativa]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is Western Democracy Backsliding? Diagnosing the Risks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Democracy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pabst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is Liberal Democracy Sliding Into Democratic Despotism?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Political Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>91-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peluso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Constitutional Erosion in Brazil]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hart Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pettit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On the Peo&#961;le&#8217;s Terms. A Re&#961;ublican Theory and Model of Democracy]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Przeworski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las crisis de la democracia]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosanvallon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La legitimidad democrática: im&#961;arcialidad, reflexividad, &#961;roximidad]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Manantial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosanvallon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El buen gobierno]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Manantial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El descontento democrático]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Debate]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Voeten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Are People Really Turning Away From Democracy?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Democracy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waldron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho y Desacuerdos]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Marcial Pons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waterfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[E&#961;ictetus. The Com&#961;lete Works]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UCP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Worley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deliberative Constitutionalism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BYU Law Review]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>431-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
