<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-0218</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Isonomía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Isonomía]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-0218</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México; Fontamara]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-02182021000100002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5347/isonomia.v0i54.417</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Rights of Conquest, Discovery and Occupation, and the Freedom of the Seas: a Genealogy of Natural Resource Injustice]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los derechos de conquista, descubrimiento y ocupación, y la libertad de los mares: una genealogía de la injusticia sobre los recursos naturales]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gümplová]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Petra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Erfurt Max Weber Centre for Advanced Cultural and Social Studies ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Alemania</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>54</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>36</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-02182021000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-02182021000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-02182021000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper analyzes the colonial origins of three international law principles &#8211; the right of conquest, the right of discovery and occupation, and the freedom of the seas. I argue that each of these rights was established as an international legal principle to faci­litate the colonization of distant peoples, their territories and lands, and for the purpose of the accumulation of their natural resources. The paper discusses how these rights were justified, what set of exclusive powers and immunities they conferred, and how they are linked to three distinct modern legal regimes of rights over natural space and its resour­ces &#8211; territorial sovereignty, private property rights to foreign land, and global maritime commons. While I expose each of these international law principles&#8217; morally arbitrary origins reflecting specific conditions and aims of particular colonial projects, I also argue that the regimes of rights over natural resources they institutionalized are convergent in the sense that they enabled a quintessentially unjust appropriation and exploitation of natural resources. The article also points to ways in which the logic and the operation of these regimes continue to shape the unjust use of natural resources to this day.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo analiza los orígenes coloniales de tres principios del derecho inter­nacional: el derecho de conquista, el derecho de descubrimiento y ocupación, y la liber­tad de los mares. Argumento que cada uno de estos derechos se estableció como principio jurídico internacional para facilitar la colonización de pueblos lejanos, sus territorios y tierras, y con el fin de acumular sus recursos naturales. El artículo analiza cómo se justi­ficaron estos derechos, qué conjunto de facultades e inmunidades exclusivas conferían, y cómo están vinculados a tres regímenes jurídicos modernos distintos de derechos so­bre el espacio natural y sus recursos: la soberanía territorial, los derechos de propiedad privada sobre tierras extranjeras y los bienes marítimos comunes mundiales. En tanto expongo los orígenes moralmente arbitrarios de cada uno de estos principios de derecho internacional, que reflejan las condiciones y los objetivos específicos de determinados proyectos coloniales, también sostengo que los regímenes de derechos sobre los recursos naturales que estos institucionalizaron son convergentes en el sentido de que permitieron una apropiación y una explotación distintivamente injustas de los recursos naturales. El artículo también señala las formas en que la lógica y el funcionamiento de estos regíme­nes siguen dando forma al uso injusto de los recursos naturales hasta el día de hoy.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[conquest]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[settlement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[free sea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[natural resources]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[injustice]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conquista]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[asentamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mar libre]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[recursos naturales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[injusticia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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