<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-0099</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cirujano general]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cir. gen]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-0099</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Cirugía General A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-00992024000200131</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35366/118284</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Vitalismo: de la filosofía de la vida a la medicina]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Vitalism: from the philosophy of life to medicine]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio César]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ulises]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mestre-Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-Ponce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fiacro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,PEMEX Hospital Central Sur de Alta Especialidad Departamento de Neurocirugía]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,The American British Cowdray Medical Center Departamento de Anatomía Patológica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General de México &#8220;Dr. Eduardo Liceaga&#8221; Departamento de Neurocirugía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>131</fpage>
<lpage>136</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-00992024000200131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-00992024000200131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-00992024000200131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Durante la &#8220;Edad de la razón&#8221; y parte de la &#8220;Ilustración&#8221; el vitalismo fue retomado como la explicación más lógica a los fenómenos físicos que ocurrían en la naturaleza y la vida; desde la perspectiva actual, el vitalismo se puede definir como una teoría de la vida, en las ciencias de la vida. Gran parte de la conservación y difusión del vitalismo fue gracias al médico griego Galeno de Pérgamo (129-216 a.C, aproximadamente) quien, además de sus labores en la salud, fue un eminente filósofo que tomó rasgos de la ideología de Platón (427-347 a.C), Aristóteles (384-322 a.C) y la tradición hipocrática, para generar su propio sistema doctrinal basado en la unión de la medicina y la filosofía. Georg Ernst Stahl (1659-1734) retomó el antiguo concepto de anima (del latín alma) con el propósito de dar sentido a la regulación de la salud y la enfermedad. De forma contemporánea, François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix (1706-1767) introdujo al animismo (la palabra âme) a la escuela de medicina de Montpellier en Francia (1730), en donde surgió la teoría del flujo vital. Debido a las campañas napoleónicas a través de Europa, así como al apoyo del monarca hacia la ciencia, el vitalismo tuvo una distribución de carácter internacional a lo largo del siglo XVIII. Fue hasta que Bichat abordó el estudio del tejido que hizo caer la teoría fibrilarista y dio pie a la aplicación de una mentalidad anatomoclínica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: During the &#8220;Age of Reason&#8221; and part of the &#8220;Enlightenment&#8221; vitalism was retaken as the most logical explanation for the physical phenomena that occurred in nature and life. From today&#8217;s perspective, vitalism can be defined as a theory of life, in the life sciences. Much of the preservation and dissemination of vitalism was thanks to the Greek physician Galen of Pergamum (approximately 129-216 BC) who, in addition to his work in health, was an eminent philosopher who took traits from the ideology of Plato (427-347 BC), Aristotle (384-322 BC) and the Hippocratic tradition, to generate their own doctrinal system based on the union of medicine and philosophy. Georg Ernst Stahl (1659-1734) took up the ancient concept of anima (from the Latin soul) with the purpose of giving meaning to the regulation of health and disease. In a contemporary way, François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix (1706-1767) introduced animism (the word âme), to the medical school of Montpellier in France (1730&#8217;s), where the theory of the vital flow arose; Due to Napoleon&#8217;s campaigns across Europe, as well as the monarch&#8217;s support for science, vitalism had an international distribution throughout the eighteenth century. It was not until Bichat approached the study of tissue, bringing down the fibrillarist theory and giving rise to the application of an anatomoclinical mentality.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vitalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[animismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Montpellier]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fuerza vital]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[filosofía médica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vitalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[animism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Montpellier]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vital force]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[medical philosophy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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