<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-0099</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cirujano general]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cir. gen]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-0099</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Cirugía General A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-00992014000300186</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aportaciones de la mujer académica al desarrollo de la medicina y la cirugía. Recuento histórico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The contribution of female academics to the performance of medicine and surgery. An historical review]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azcoitia Moraila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lombard García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Elisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Anáhuac México Norte Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud División de Postgrado y Extensión]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Huixquilucan ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>186</fpage>
<lpage>191</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-00992014000300186&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-00992014000300186&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-00992014000300186&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La mujer académica es aquella que promueve la ciencia o la cultura. Una cirujana académica es la profesional de prestigio, promotora de la clínica, la docencia y la investigación. En el Antiguo Egipto, Merit Ptah es la primera mujer médico que es citada por su nombre en la historia de la medicina. En el continente americano, las parteras mayas desarrollan la capacidad de predecir con certeza la fecha probable del parto. En la Edad Media, Trótula, de la Escuela de Salerno, destaca como ginecoobstetra y autora de libros médicos, mientras que Allesandra Gillani realiza disecciones en cadáver, al lado del anatomista Mondino de Luzzi. En el siglo XIX surge en todo el mundo una generación de mujeres posteriores a la Ilustración europea que, con valor, talento y tenacidad, abren las puertas de las universidades a otras mujeres. Entre estas mujeres sobresalen Elizabeth Blackwell y Mary Edwards Walker en Estados Unidos. A principios del siglo XX aparecen registros de las primeras mujeres en la American Medical Association y en el Colegio Americano de Cirujanos. En México, corresponde a la Dra. Matilde P. Montoya Lafragua vencer la oposición a que las mujeres estudien Medicina. Con el apoyo del presidente Porfi rio Díaz, consigue graduarse como médica, cirujana y obstetra en 1887. Igual que ocurrió en otros países, en México la integración total de la mujer en la medicina se completa al fundarse la Asociación de Médicas Mexicanas en 1926 y con el ingreso de la primera mujer médica en la Academia Nacional de Medicina, en 1957.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The female academic is a person who promotes science or culture. An academic female surgeon is professional of prestige, a promoter of medicine, teaching and research. In Ancient Egypt, Merit Ptah is the fi rst female doctor who is mentioned by name in the history of medicine. In the American continent, the Mayan midwives developed the ability to predict the date of partum with some certainty. In the Middle Ages, Trótula, of the Salerno School is noted as a gynecologistobstetrician and author of medical books, while Allesandra Gillani performed dissections on cadavers along with the anatomist Mondino de Luzzi. In the 19th century, there emerged, at world level, a generation of women after the European Age of Enlightenment, who with courage, bravery and tenacity opened the doors to Universities for other women. Among these, are highlighted Elizabeth Blackwell and Mary Edwards Walker in the United States. At the beginning of the 20th century, the first women appeared in the registers of the American Medical Association and in the American College of Surgeons. In Mexico, Dr. Matilde P. Montoya Lafragua overcame the opposition to women who wanted to study medicine. With the support of the President Porfi rio Díaz, she managed to graduate in medicine, surgery and obstetrics in 1887. As occurred in other countries, the total integration of women into medicine was completed on the founding of the Mexican Female Doctors Association in 1926, and with the admission of the fi rst female doctor into the National Academy of Medicine in 1957.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Academia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Medicina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cirugía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Femenino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Historia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Academia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Medicine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Surgery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Feminine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[History]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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