<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-0099</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cirujano general]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cir. gen]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-0099</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Cirugía General A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-00992014000200076</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Uso de toxina botulínica en cicatriz queloide]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Use of Botulinum Toxin in Keloid Scar]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ulises]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arellano Arreguín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaragoza Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nahiely]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juárez Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zeleyma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gamboa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor Ramón]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,ISSEMyM Departamento de cirugía General ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>76</fpage>
<lpage>81</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-00992014000200076&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-00992014000200076&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-00992014000200076&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Introducción. Las cicatrices queloides han representado siempre lesiones difíciles de tratar. Hasta el momento no hay tratamiento que haya presentado resultados satisfactorios al 100%. En este trabajo investigamos el efecto de la toxina botulínica en la cicatrización queloide. Material y métodos. Ensayo clínico abierto en el que se incluyó pacientes que presentaban cicatriz queloide. Muestra de estudio no probabilística de oportunidad o voluntario. Realizamos evaluación clínica y antropométrica la cicatriz queloide, con controles fotográfi cos antes y un mes después, se infi ltro Toxina Botulínica tipo A intralesional a dosifi cación de 2 unidades por centímetro de cicatriz queloide. Evaluación al mes de la aplicación. Resultados. Se incluyeron 64 pacientes voluntarios, 70.3% femenino, edad promedio de 35 años, localización más frecuente en tórax 21.8% y abdomen 33%, la etiología fue por procedimientos quirúrgicos 46.88% y accidentes 29.68%. El tipo de piel IV fue más frecuente con 53.12%. Porcentajes de mejoría de la cicatriz en un mes de la aplicación de toxina botulínica tipo A predomino 60, 70 y 80%, con una desviación típica de 14.09 y p = 0.11. Hallazgo adicional de aclaramiento de la cicatriz en 71.87% y disminución de la hipersensibilidad y prurito cicatrizal en 65.62%. Conclusión. El uso de la toxina botulínica tipo A en la cicatrización queloide representa una opción terapéutica efi caz, comparable con los tratamientos estándar actuales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction. Keloid scars are diffi cult to treta lesions. There is no current treatment that has demonstrated 100% satisfactory results. The purpose of this work was to determine whether the use of botulinum toxin in keloid scarring provides aesthetic and functional improvement. Material and Methods. In this open clinical trial we included patients with keloid scar. This was a Nonrandom sample study of patients or volunteer. We performed a Clinical and anthropometric evaluation of the keloid scar, with photographic controls before and a month later, Botulinum toxin type A was infi ltrated in the scar 2 units per centimeter of scar tissue. We reevaluated a Month after the injection. Results. 64 volunteer patients, 70.3% female, mean age 35 years, most commonly located in the thorax 21.8% and abdomen 33% were included, the etiology was surgical procedures 46.88% and accidents 29.68%. Skin type IV was more common with 53.12%. Percentages scar improvement within a month of the application of botulinum toxin type A predominance 60, 70 and 80%, with a standard deviation of 14.09 and p = 0.11. Additional fi nding lightening scar on 71.87% and decreased scar tenderness and itching 65.62%. Conclusion. The Use of Botulinum toxin type A in keloid scarring is an effective option as compared with current standard treatments.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cicatriz queloide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cicatrización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Toxina botulínica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Keloid scar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Scarring]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Botulinum toxin]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fisiología de la cicatrización de la herida: de la lesión a la maduración]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surg Clin N Am]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>599-610</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Leary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wound healing biology and its application to wound management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Physiologic basis of surgery]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<page-range>118-35</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Philadelphia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RAF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanisms of disease Cutaneous wound healing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>341</volume>
<page-range>739</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Efron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chandrakanth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wound healing]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brunicardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Billiar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Schwartz's Principles of Surgery.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>223-48</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmaier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The elusive physiologic role of Factor XII]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Invest]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<page-range>3006-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanisms of thrombus formation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>359</volume>
<page-range>938-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rozman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of platelet growth factors in treating wounds and soft-tissue injuries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>156-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wound healing]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Docherty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Way]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Current Surgical Diagnosis and Treatment.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>64-76</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eming]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krieg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davidson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inflammation in wound repair molecular and cellular mechanisms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Invest Dermatol]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<page-range>514-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schugart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wound angiogenesis as a function of oxygen tension a mathematical model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc Natl Acad Sci USA]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<page-range>2628-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Witte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[General principles of wound healing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surg Clin North Am]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<page-range>513</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Broughton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The basic science of wound healing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plast Reconstr Surg]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>12-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diegelmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cellular and biochemical aspects of normal wound healing: an overview]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Urol]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>157</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>298-302</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biffi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cioffi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wounds, bites and stings]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feliciano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mattox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trauma]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>57-89</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[edition New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wound healing-aiming for perfect skin regeneration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>276</volume>
<page-range>76-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Werner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulation of wound healing by growth factors and cytokines]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Physiol Rev]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>835-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gillitzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geobeler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chemokines in cutaneous wound healing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Leukoc Biol]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<page-range>513-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bieley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Keloids]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Acad Dermatol]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>117-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nemeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Keloids and hypertrophic scars]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dermatol Surg Oncol]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>738-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu-Yun Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chao-Chun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Histopathological Differential Diagnosis of keloid and hypertrophic scar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Dermatopathol]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>379-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cok-Bolden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Keloidal Scars a review with a critical look at therapeutic options]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Acad Dermatol]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>63-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shejbal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bedekovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Strategies in the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Clin Croat]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>417-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maldonado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manjón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tratamiento de cicatrices hipertróficas y queloides]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Intern Dermatol Dermocosm]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>268-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A controlled clinical trial of topical silicone gel sheeting in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Acad Dermatol]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>506-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fulton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Silicone gel sheeting for the prevention and management of evolving hypertrophic and keloid scars]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dermatol Surg]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>947-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bieley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adjunt therapies of surgical management of keloids]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dermatol Surg]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>126-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rusciani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bono]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of cryoterapy in the treatment of keloids]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dermatol Surg Oncol]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>529-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aköz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tayfun]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combination of different Techniques for the treatment of earlobe keloids]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aesth Plast Surg]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>184-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schaffner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clostridium botulinum In: Mandell, Douglas &amp; Bennett's. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Mandell GL, Bennett JE and Dolin R, editors. 3rd edit. Churchill Livingstone]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NY]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>pp</volume>
<page-range>1847-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanchanale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matanhelia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The unusual history and the urological applications of botulinum neurotoxin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Urologia Internationalis]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>125-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Read]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Botulinum versus tetanus neurotoxins: why is botulinum neurotoxin but not tetanus neurotoxin a food poison?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Toxicon]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1541-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arnon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schechter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Working Group on Civilian Biodefense Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>285</volume>
<page-range>1059-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huttner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cells biology. Snappy exocytoxins]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>365</volume>
<numero>6442</numero>
<issue>6442</issue>
<page-range>104-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Camilli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exocytosis goes with a SNAP]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>364</volume>
<numero>6436</numero>
<issue>6436</issue>
<page-range>387-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Humeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doussau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poulain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biochimie]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<page-range>427-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Black]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dolly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interaction of ¹²5I-labeled botulinum neurotoxins with nerve terminals. Ultraestructural autoradiographic localization and quantitation of distinct membrane acceptors for types A and B on motor nerves]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cell Biol]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>521-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Black]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dolly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interaction of ¹²5I-labeled botulinum neurotoxins with nerve terminals. Autoradiographic evidence for its uptake into motor nerves by acceptor-mediated endocytosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cell Biol]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>535-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Botulinum toxin: chemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and immunology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Muscle Nerve Suppl]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>146-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pellizzari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossetto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schiavo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montecucco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins: mechanism of action and therapeutic uses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<numero>354</numero>
<issue>354</issue>
<page-range>259-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sollner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whiteheart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brunner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erdjument Bromage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geromanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tempst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SNAP receptors implicated in vesicle targeting and fusion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<numero>362</numero>
<issue>362</issue>
<page-range>318-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arnon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical Botulism]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jankovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hallet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Scientifi c and terapeuthic aspects of botulium toxin]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<page-range>145-50</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Philadelphia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lippincott Williams and Wilkins]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mezaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kimura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of general weakness in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after focal botulium toxin injection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurology]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>845-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schulte-Mattler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martinez-Castrillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Botulium toxin therapy of migraine and tension-type headache: comparing different botulium toxin preparations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Neurol]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>51-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>US Food and Drug Administration</collab>
<source><![CDATA[FDA approves Botox to treat specifi c form of urinary incontinence]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>US Food and Drug Administration</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Onabotulinumtoxin A, (marketed as Botox/Botox Cosmetic), Abobotulinumtoxin A, (marketed as Dysport) and Rimabotulinumtoxin B (marketed as Myobloc) Information]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gassner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sherris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment of facial wounds with botulinum toxin A improves cosmetic outcome in primates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1948-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niessen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spauwen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schalkwijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the nature of hypertrophic scars and keloidal scars: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plast Reconstr Surg]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<page-range>1435-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marneros A]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical genetics of familial keloids]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Dermatol]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>137</volume>
<page-range>1429-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enriquez M]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caballero A]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Opciones terapeuticas para cicatrices queloides e hipertrofi cas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Cent Dermatol Pacua]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>80-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jalali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current use of steroids in management of abnormal raised skin scars]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surgeon]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>175-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Darzi M]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chowdri N]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaul S]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of various methods of treating keloids and hypertrophyc scars: a 10 year follow-up study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Plast Surg]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>374-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Mosqueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cicatriz queloide: comparación de la efectividad del imiquimod como modalidad terapéutica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cirugia Plastica]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>22-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guinto Balanzar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfaro Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso de la colchicina como adyuvante en el tratamiento de cicatrices queloides recidivantes. Reporte de un caso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cirugia Plastica]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>126-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras-Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magaña-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estudio comparativo de tres modalidades terapéuticas para cicatrices queloides e hipertrófi cas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Sanid Milit Mex]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>163-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EAF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enríquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcalá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peralta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efectividad de la bleomicina intralesional para el tratamiento de pacientes con cicatrices queloides. Estudio comparativo con dexametasona]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dermatología Rev Mex]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>119-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
