<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1026-8774</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de ciencias geológicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. cienc. geol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1026-8774</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1026-87742018000100001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2018.1.536</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Adecuaciones para mejorar la aplicación del método D3987-85 en la extracción de EPT de los antiguos residuos mineros El Fraile, Guerrero, México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Modifications to improve the application of method D3987-85 in the extraction of EPT from the abandoned mine tailings El Fraile, Guerrero, Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corrales-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,CORES Consultores GeoAmbientales  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ticuantepe Managua]]></addr-line>
<country>Nicaragua</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Geología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>17</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1026-87742018000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1026-87742018000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1026-87742018000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El método D3987-85 es uno de los procedimientos de lixiviación utilizados en el mundo para evaluar la peligrosidad de los jales de minas. El método ha sido oficializado en México en la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-141-SEMARNAT-2003; y durante su aplicación se han reportado inconsistencias que podrían traer graves repercusiones en la salud humana y en el ambiente. En el presente estudio se realizaron modificaciones al tiempo de agitación y relación de mezcla indicados en el método D3987-85. Adicionalmente, se implementaron técnicas eficientes de muestreo para representar más acertadamente la peligrosidad de los antiguos residuos depositados en la presa de jales El Fraile, localizada en Taxco, estado de Guerrero, México. Los jales se caracterizan por presentar concentraciones totales (mg/kg) de elementos potencialmente tóxicos (EPT) en los siguientes intervalos: As (1,719.0-3,412.1), Ag (27.8-55.7), Ba (152.1-527.3), Cd (15.6-49.7), Cu (89.7-204.5), Mn (243.6-2,195.5), Pb (3,084.9-4,930.1), Zn (449.0-5,558.7), y la presencia de las siguientes fases minerales, en orden de abundancia: cuarzo, yeso, jarosita potásica, filosilicatos, hematita, feldespatos potásicos tipo sanidina. Así mismo, de las presas de jales se colectaron tres muestras de efluentes ácidos (pH: 2.0-2.6), que registraron concentraciones (mg/L) de SO4 2- (3,509.3-12,249.9), Fe (459.3-1,505.0) y EPT (As: 0.7-1.3, Cd: 2.8-12.3, Cu: 6.1-23.7, Mn: 76.4-316, Zn: 334.5-1,262.5), y fueron comparadas con la composición química de las suspensiones de jales en agua (SJA) preparadas en laboratorio mediante el método D3987-85. Los efluentes ácidos son clasificados como peligrosos con base en las concentraciones de Cd disuelto (&gt;1.0 mg/L), ya que sobrepasaron el límite máximo permisible regulado en la Norma Oficial Mexicana 141. Sin embargo, cuando se comparó la peligrosidad de las SJA preparadas mediante el método D3987-85 (18 ± 0.25 h y relación sólido-extractante de 1:20), resultó que no son peligrosos, ya que las SJA presentaron concentraciones de Cd disuelto que oscilan entre 0.2 a 0.4 mg/L. No obstante, cuando se realizaron modificaciones al método D3987-85 que consistieron en aumentar los tiempos de agitación (24 ± 0.25 h, 48 ± 0.25 h, 72 ± 0.25 h, 192 ± 0.25 h) y disminuir las relaciones de mezcla (1:10, 1:3), se obtuvieron concentraciones de Cd disuelto que oscilan entre 0.3 a 2.4 mg/L. De esta forma, se logró demostrar que las SJA obtenidas con el método modificado representan mejor la composición geoquímica de los efluentes ácidos colectados en campo, lo cual contribuye a evaluar la peligrosidad de los jales de forma más rigurosa y confiable.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The method D3987-85 is one of the leaching procedures used worldwide to assess the hazardousness of mine tailings. In Mexico, this method has been made official in the Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-141-SEMARNAT-2003. During its implementation, some inconsistencies have been reported, which could have significant impacts on human health and the environment. In the present study, we carried out modifications to the stirring times and mixing ratios stated in method D3987-85. In addition, efficient sampling strategies were designed to represent more appropriately the hazardousness posed by old mining waste deposited in the tailing ponds, at El Fraile, in Taxco, Guerrero, Mexico. The characterization of these tailings shows total concentrations (in mg/kg) of potential toxic elements (EPT) in the following ranges: As (1,719.0-3,412.1), Ag (27.8-55.7), Ba (152.1-527.3), Cd (15.6-49.7), Cu (89.7-204.5), Mn (243.6-2,195.5), Pb (3,084.9-4,930.1), Zn (449.0-5,558.7); and it also shows the occurrence of the following mineral phases, in decreasing order of abundance: quartz, gypsum, potassic jarosite, phyllosilicates, hematite, potassic feldspars (sanidine). Furthermore, three samples of acid effluents (pH: 2.0-2.6) were collected in the tailings, which reported concentrations (mg/L) of SO4 2- (3,509.3-12,249.9), Fe (459.3-1,505.0) and potentially toxic elements (As: 0.7-1.3, Cd: 2.8-12.3, Cu: 6.1-23.7, Mn: 76.4-316, Zn: 334.5-1,262.5 ). The chemical composition of the acid effluents was compared to that of the synthetic leachates (SJA) prepared in the laboratory using the method D3987-85. According to the NOM-141-SEMARNAT-2003, the acid effluents are considered hazardous when the concentration of dissolved Cd exceed the maximum permissible limit (&gt;1.0 mg/L). However, the synthetic leachates prepared according to the method D3987-85 (18 ± 0.25h and solid-extractant ratio of 1:20) are not considered hazardous because the concentrations of dissolved Cd ranged from 0.2-0.4 mg/L. Nevertheless, when changes were made to the method D3987-85, by increasing the stirring times (24 ± 0.25 h, 48 ± 0.25 h, 72± 0.25 h, 192 ± 0.25 h) and decreasing the mixing ratios (1:10, 1:3), the concentrations of dissolved Cd increased and ranged from 0.3-2.4 mg/L. Therefore, it was proved that the synthetic leachates obtained by the modified method better represent the geochemical composition of the acid effluents collected in the field, thus contributing to a more rigorous and accurate hazardousness assessment of the tailings.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[jales (relaves)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[efluentes ácidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[suspensiones de jales en agua]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[peligrosidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mine tailings]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[acid effluents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[synthetic leachates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hazardousness]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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