<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0484-7903</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de anestesiología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. anestesiol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0484-7903</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Mexicano de Anestesiología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0484-79032023000400268</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35366/112298</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Métodos no invasivos de oxigenación en pacientes con COVID-19]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Non-invasive oxygenation methods in patients with COVID-19]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Reymundo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paulo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez-Requena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Irina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Bolaños]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hans]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa-Aznar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel-Pineda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazo-Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Brenda del]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Médico ABC Campus Observatorio Departamento de Medicina Crítica «Dr. Mario Shapiro» ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>268</fpage>
<lpage>271</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0484-79032023000400268&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0484-79032023000400268&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0484-79032023000400268&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Desde el inicio de la pandemia por COVID-19, dentro de las complicaciones más frecuentes de esta infección se encuentran la neumonía y el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda. La hipoxemia y el aumento del trabajo respiratorio son determinantes para adoptar diversas estrategias terapéuticas de oxigenación no invasiva en pacientes con COVID-19. Es importante conocer y describir las diferentes modalidades de oxigenoterapia no invasiva, con la finalidad de preservar la oxigenación y un adecuado trabajo respiratorio, las estrategias descritas en la literatura abarcan: cánulas nasales convencionales, cánulas nasales de alto flujo y ventilación mecánica no invasiva, aunado a otras medidas de soporte como posición prono, administración de esquemas con esteroide, inmunomoduladores y óxido nítrico inhalado. Las estrategias no invasivas de oxigenación por diferentes métodos son herramientas indispensables para el tratamiento de pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19 moderada-grave. Es necesario evaluar el dispositivo a emplear, ya que esta enfermedad tiene características heterogéneas de acuerdo con gravedad y el tiempo de evolución.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the most frequent complications of this infection include pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Hypoxemia and increased work of breathing are determining factors in adopting various non-invasive oxygenation therapeutic strategies in patients with COVID-19. It is important to know and describe the different modalities of non-invasive oxygen therapy, in order to preserve oxygenation and adequate respiratory work, the strategies described in the literature include: conventional nasal cannulas, high-flow nasal cannulas and non-invasive mechanical ventilation coupled with other support measures such as prone position, administration of schemes with steroids, immunomodulators and inhaled nitric oxide. Non-invasive oxygenation strategies by different methods are essential tools for the treatment of patients with moderate-severe COVID-19 pneumonia. It is necessary to evaluate the device to be used, since this disease has heterogeneous characteristics according to severity and time of evolution.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hipoxemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[oxigenación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ventilación mecánica no invasiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hypoxemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[oxygenation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[non-invasive mechanical ventilation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rambaut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>450-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfeifer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ewig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Voshaar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Randerath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geiseler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Position paper for the state-of-the-art application of respiratory support in patients with COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Respiration]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<page-range>521-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guideline]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnosis and treatment protocol for novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial version 7)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chin Med J (Engl)]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>133</volume>
<page-range>1087-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurtado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villarroel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Retamal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bugedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spatial patterns and frequency distributions of regional deformation in the healthy human lung]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomech Model Mechanobiol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>1413-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xiaoneng]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wenhua]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zhuquan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mu]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hui]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ping]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abnormal pulmonary function in COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir Soc]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<page-range>2-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Som]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Correspondence Hypoxaemia related to COVID-19: vascular and]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>3099</volume>
<page-range>19-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okuda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martinez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asakura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dinnon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cell]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>182</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>429-446.e14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[George]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19: the potential role for antifibrotic therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Respir Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>807-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Post covid 19 pulmonary fibrosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Is it reversible? Indian J Tuberc]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>330-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Braeckel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Depuydt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambrecht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conceptions of the pathophysiology of happy hypoxemia in COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Respir Res]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gattinoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiumello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caironi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Busana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romitti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brazzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatments for different phenotypes?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>1099-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asfar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mauny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winiszewski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liberal or conservative oxygen therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>382</volume>
<page-range>999-1008</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreyro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angriman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Sorbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferguson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ND]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rochwerg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association of noninvasive oxygenation strategies with all-cause mortality in adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA-J Am Med Assoc]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>324</volume>
<page-range>57-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ospina-Tascón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teboul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón-Tapia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diastolic shock index and clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Intensive Care]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gattinoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maiolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rapetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tonetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The future of mechanical ventilation: Lessons from the present and the past]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dongilli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olaizola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colaianni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sayat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pisani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 pneumonia and ROX index: Time to set a new threshold for patients admitted outside the ICU. Authors&#8217; reply]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pulmonology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>475-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delorme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leroux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boussaid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lebret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prigent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leotard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Protective recommendations for non-invasive ventilation during COVID-19 pandemic: a bench evaluation of the effects of instrumental dead space on alveolar ventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Bronconeumol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>28-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menzella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fontana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scelfo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castagnetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghidoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness of noninvasive ventilation in COVID-19 related-acute respiratory distress syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Respir J]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>779-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sorbello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Boghdadly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petrini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Airway management in COVID-19: in the den of the beast]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>131</volume>
<page-range>e38-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radovanovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perotto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giuliani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictors of weaning from helmet CPAP in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>1-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of heart rate, acidosis, consciousness, oxygenation, and respiratory rate to predict noninvasive ventilation failure in hypoxemic patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>192-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papoutsi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giannakoulis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xourgia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Routsi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotanidou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siempos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[II]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of timing of intubation on clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized cohort studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>121</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shelhamer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wesson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dimitrov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prone positioning in moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19: a cohort study and analysis of physiology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Intensive Care Med]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>241-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kallet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comprehensive review of prone position in ARDS]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Respir Care]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>1660-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guérin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reignier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J-C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beuret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gacouin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boulain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>368</volume>
<page-range>2159-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gattinoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coppola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cressoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Busana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiumello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[COVID-19 does not lead to a &#8220;typical&#8221; acute respiratory distress syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>201</volume>
<page-range>1299-300</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parikh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weinberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gavin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reardon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inhaled nitric oxide treatment in spontaneously breathing COVID-19 patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ther Adv Respir Dis]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>1753466620933510</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Safaee Fakhr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Fenza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gianni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiegand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miyazaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araujo Morais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inhaled high dose nitric oxide is a safe and effective respiratory treatment in spontaneous breathing hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nitric Oxide-Biol Chem]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>116</volume>
<page-range>7-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiegand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Safaee Fakhr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carroll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kacmarek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rescue treatment with high-dose gaseous nitric oxide in spontaneously breathing patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care Explor]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>2</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
